Long term condition on stroke case study

There are two main types of stroke namely, ischemic stroke that is caused by the blockage of an artery with the other type being known as hemorrhagic stroke which is caused by bursting of blood vessels that supply the brain with blood. The transient ischemic attack is a type of stroke that is caused by a temporary shortage in the supply of blood to the brain cells and this has no any permanent damage to the brain cells. (Mozaffarian et al. Stroke is considered to be one of the Long-term health complications that lead to the death of a large number of people in the world. It is also a major cause of disability of many people in the country. Stroke is also common to children in the United Kingdom with more than 400 strokes occurring to children (Bushnell et al.

When it comes to the issue of ethnicity, black people have a double probability of facing stroke as compared to the white people (Bushnell et al. However, due to the effect of lifestyle prevalence and other health factors or contributors, the age range seems to have increased by a number of a variety of ages. (Department of Health, 2012). Based on my clinical experience with the aid of this theoretical aspect of my module, I will be addressing this case study on Stroke and scrutinise the various level this LTC could affect my patients(Holistically) his, relatives as well as the community at large. This is due to the fact that men are more likely to smoke and also consume more alcohol than women.

However, more women than men die of stroke (Bushnell et al. The impact of stroke is intense in women and this is due to the fact that women experience hormone change more frequently than men. Another factor that increases the impact of stroke on women is Hormone Replacement Therapy that is mainly common among women. Despite that the chances of facing a stroke at a younger age are very low, pregnancy is also another factor that is likely to increase the chances of facing stroke. His father also died because of a stroke while his mother died of Atrial failure. Tom has been independent till when he was diagnosed with mini-stroke as he is currently using walking sticks or other times his Zimmer frame to walk.

When I put my concern on Tom’s medical history, he is an obese diabetic patient who has a history of alcoholism and past smoking as well. Due to the loss of his parents, he was once diagnosed with depression. For the last five years, he has had mini-stroke and this has made him even more depressed due to his reduced mobility functionality. There are good numbers of symptoms that can be used to prove that a certain patient is suffering from a stroke. This includes a sudden and severe headache, dizziness, sudden confusion, difficulty in swallowing, difficulty in talking, loss of balance, neck stiffness as well as vomiting (Hemphill et al. The stroke condition has made Tom change from being self-dependent individual to a dependent on one of his sons, who is currently seen to be the bread-winner in the family.

This is the case because Tom is currently using walking sticks so as to walk from one place to another something that has made him stop carrying out his business activities. In the case of Tom, this condition can be considered to be due to genetic influence. Symptoms that arise from this condition are dependent on the part of the brain that is affected. When the part of the brain that is affected is the one that controls vision, then there may be a problem in seeing. There may also be complications in coordination and balance, weakness on one side as well as numbness and sudden seizure (Powers et al. With the speech center located on the left side of the brain, bleeding on this side may cause marked speech disturbance.

When this bleeding also takes part in the lower part of the brain, then such a victim may go into coma. Stroke pathophysiology Pathophysiology is defined to be physiological of an abnormal state (Kernan et al. It is also a disordered physiological process that is mainly associated with a certain disease or injury. Stroke is a condition that results as a result of injury/ blockage of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain cells. In the other hand, poly-pharmacy is defined to be the act of administering many different types of medicines and more specifically concurrent mainly for the purpose of treatment of a certain single disease (Kernan et al. Stroke may arise as a result of blockage of blood supply to the brain cells.

Age plays an important role in the determination of the chances of an individual suffering from a stroke. Order people have high chances of suffering from stroke than younger people. Physical impacts of stroke Stroke is known for its impairment starting from the weakening of muscles to even complete paralysis with this depended on the brain part attacked and also the severity of stroke (---). So as to avoid this, it is therefore important for rehabilitation measures to be taken early enough so as to avoid such from occurring to such an individual. Morbidity reduction for a stroke patient is considered to be multidisciplinary efforts in which an early mobilization as soon as possible is considered to be safe which is also important so as to ensure that such a patient experience minimum brain damage (Liu et al.

With Tom already in LTC stage of the complication, it is clear that there is no hope of Tom being free from stroke at any time. This thus means that Tom will have to remain under medication for the rest of his life. This will help in reducing the severity of the disease. Caregivers together with his family should be planning for the best health care that can be used in the process of providing him with the health care that he needs. There is also need of maintaining the connection between psychological and physical rehabilitation. Tom is already a burden to his wife since he cannot work and needs support all through. This also is likely to cause him phobia.

Some of the psychological impacts that Tom may be going through include anger, low-self-esteem, together with depression. This makes it important for early detection of the condition so as to allow for rehabilitation measures to be taken early enough. Socio-economic impact of strokes The socioeconomic status of the patient determines the quality of life together with the opportunities and privileges that are affordable within such a society (Matsuzaki et al. The price main aim of association of medical caretakers' post-stroke is to balance out and guaranteeing persistent security (Fletcher et al. Besides, attendants assume a fundamental part in keeping up BP beneath 220/120 mmHg inside the initial 24-72 hours without the utilization of hypotensive medications (Fletcher et al. Furthermore, medical caretakers must screen and forestall pneumonic embolism (PE) which is the hindrance of veins in the lungs (Fletcher et al.

, 2013, 67), and early antiplatelet treatment if fundamental (Fletcher et al. Along these lines, medical caretakers' abilities and learning in understanding clinical side effects and factors that add to the post-stroke inconvenience are pivotal to enhancing quiet security (Fletcher et al. Conclusion There are more than 15. 4 million stroke patients in England. Majority of these patients are those that are above the age of 65 years and the majority of them is male gender. More than 70% of the budgeted healthcare funds should go to providing both primary as well as acute care to the LTC patients. There is the high prevalence of this complication especially with those that are above the age of 65 years and this makes it extremely hard for the healthcare organizations to predict what may happen in the future.

, McCullough, L. D. , Awad, I. A. , Chireau, M. D. , Piña, I. L. and Reeves, M. J.  Disability and rehabilitation, 37(19), pp. Fletcher, G. F. , Ades, P. A. , Forman, D. E. , Gerber, T. C. and Gulati, M. , Bendok, B. R. , Cushman, M. , Fung, G. L. Kernan, W. N. , Ovbiagele, B. , Black, H. R. L. , Heck, D. V. and Johnston, S. C. A. and Bell, M. L. A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke.  Environmental research, 136, pp. J. , Go, A. S. , Arnett, D. K. and Huffman, M. D. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association.  Circulation, 131(4), pp. e29-e322. , Derdeyn, C. P. , Biller, J. , Coffey, C. S. , Kidwell, C. S.