Management of Type 2 Diabetes

The paper will also focus on explaining diabetes as an emergency medical condition. In line with the legal, professional and ethical values of Nursing and Midwifery Council (2015) on confidentiality, the patient shall assume the pseudonym “Jackson”. Jackson is a 58-year-old Caucasian male, he is married to “Joan” and they live with their 3 daughters in rural areas. He has been on treatment for the last 6 months, his diabetes has not been controlled well which made his right 2nd toe to be done debridement and it was later amputated. Currently, Jackson is on a high dose of insulin Lantus 180 unit/day. When the levels of blood glucose rises even in a small amount above the normal, then the defects of glucose homeostasis which have been acquired occurs to impede the response of the beta cells glucose to meals by impeding the 1st phase of insulin response, and as a result the blood glucose level rises and it becomes impaired glucose tolerance.

The high blood glucose level is related to excess fatty acids which are features of insulin resistance and obesity (Hwang et al, 2015). Diabetes can be can be classified broadly in four general categories which includes, type 1 diabetes (usually seen in children) which is as a result of destruction of beta cells which leads to insulin deficiency, the next category is type 2 diabetes (usually occurs in adults), this is as a result of continued secretory defect of insulin, we have another category which is called gestational diabetes mellitus which is usually diagnosed during the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy and the fourth category is diabetes which is caused by other causes such as diseases of the exocrine pancreas (American Diabetes Association, 2015).

Diagnostic tests for diabetes type 2 include the following, random blood sugar test where the sample of blood is taken at a random time, the next test is fasting blood sugar where the sample of blood is taken in the morning before taking any meal, next is oral glucose test, where the patient will fast overnight, the blood glucose level is taken in the morning and the last test is glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test which shows the blood glucose level in the past three or two months (American Diabetes Association, 2015). In order to achieve the goal of sustainable goal in improving management of diabetes it is very important to recognize the need of examining the external factors of the patient which include social determinants of diabetes and health (Tate et al.

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