Black boys in school

Scope 1 1. Background of the study 2 1. Statement of the problem 3 1. Aim of the study 4 1. Research Questions 5 1. Introduction 16 3. Research Design 17 3. Sampling 17 3. Data Collection Methods 18 3. Data Analysis 18 3. For some time, different people have discussed the institutional racism based on students’ skin tone and the prejudice of institutional laws. According to the western society, the only way to contain the African-American boys and youths, in general, is by applying strict power. In the working market, most employers avoid recruiting the black males due to their stereotypical behavior of theft and mischief. The African-American boys in public schools are associated with substandard performance, and their disciplinary measures vary from their white counterparts. The society has been structured to doom the future of black males. The health, per capita income, education, and employment give clear evidence that the black boys are under threat.

Research and other reliable data indicate that the black boys are a population faced with difficulties and hardships. One of the leading challenges of the black boys is that the whites consider them insignificant and "others" in the society. The total of the black males constitute a very small proportion of the total residents of the United States (approximately 6%). The American immigration reports show that a significant percentage in their department is the black boys. Background of the study It would be advisable to build the foundation of young children rather than waiting for a situation that demands to repair the broken men. The American government and administration have failed its black boys. In the American ghettos, villages and some townships' high schools have increasingly been associated with cases of huge black boys' population with higher chances of being imprisoned than transiting to a college for higher studies.

The black male success and achievement in classes is a huge problem which needs some attention. The black males are faced with unfortunate situations more than any other ethnic group or racial group. The documented cases of the racial differences in the juvenile courts have a direct relationship with the race, the financial status and unrealistic decisions in the justice department. William et al. The unproportioned representation based on race is alarming and raises justice and fairness questions in the police handling of youths. The inattentiveness and ignorance in academic institutions and justice department, centered on race are problematic in several aspects such as the future well-being of the victims due to the complexity of the social phenomena. Statement of the problem There has been a failure of compliance with the needs of the male black boys students.

In groups, they have always been regarded as a threat to the innocent and potential social order danger. The society thinks that there has to be an application of forceful order and containment from the police in an attempt to control the black males. The racial discrimination and the disadvantages faced by the black boys in school have resultant negative effects in future. In the western countries, the society is work oriented, and employment is the determinant feature of a healthy lifestyle. With the disadvantage in the performance and the educational qualifications, the blacks are faced with a limitation of the minimum attainment hence unemployment. Significance of the study The most significant problem attributed to racism is ignorance. A high percentage of people who are obsessed with racism have no slight idea of why they are practicing it.

It is a norm in the United States that the black and especially the males are an inferior group and there is no significant reason attributed to the inferiority. This study gives a comprehensive report of the historical perspective of racism which in turn provides an understanding of the origin of racism and gives a reason for non-involvement in the racism activities. Racism is caused by beliefs and ideologies which develop through overtime persuasion which makes it become deeply rooted in society's system. This dissertation explores the already existing literature that relates to this study with the aim of establishing the survey in the confinements of its theoretical background. The history of racism In the societies of the west race is a universal concept which was categorized with the basis of identity during the colonial period.

Around the 1800s racism had become a common term and the classifications based on race were standard and they were tools of creation and maintenance of discriminatory social hierarchies (Smedley 933). The racialized divisions and classifications have persisted all along to the 21st century. The 21st-century society has embraced a race-based community with beliefs such as:- a) Biological and physical differences are the leading causes of different races, and the behaviors of individuals are among the indicators of race. The rates of graduation of the students primarily the black male students also depend on the individual self-concept which results from the racial identity. Dei and Fuller agree that the ethnic identity of the black students and their academic performances are linked.

Their day to day life and the environments they live in (especially the school environment) have a significant effect. The students' academic performance is as a result of the oppression and the humiliation they go through in the schools. Sutherland 26) Discusses how the Caribbean's who entered Britain at around 1960 devised the solution to discrimination by race. The underrepresentation has not yet been analyzed based on race and gender. However, using the available literature to compare the black males And females, it is reasonable to come up with a conclusion that the black boys are underrepresented in the gifted educational programs (Polite et al. This state has made many scholars to write about the endangered black males. The general education reports have mainly been focused on the educational grievances of the black males.

Reports about the inferior status of education of the black males have been evident. Socio-Cultural practices effect on black boys The indicators of the quality of life analyze and give a detailed conclusion that the black males are in trouble. They are associated with leading homicides at an alarming rate and have the highest growth rate for suicide. The rate at which the black males have been contracting HIV and AIDS is greater than the other population groups. The conviction and sentencing in the justice system have also been on the rise and. Among the whole population in schools, they have the least chances of going through the whole system of education successfully. Psychologists have explained that the environmental factors and the cultural forces surrounding an individual help in determining the human behavior.

The ethnical background and the socioeconomic backgrounds of the students are directly inclined with the perception and treatment they receive from the adults and their peers. There have been unanswered questions and concerns about the reason associated with this class and segment of the population (which is almost insignificant in terms of percentage) having extreme negativities both within and without the school. Conventional research on learning styles of the black and human development suggests that all students including the black boys can learn. This means that there is still a possibility of schools reconsidering the past mistakes and attempt to repair the broken bridge of subjecting the black boys to harsh and unfortunate circumstances. A good portion is at risk since they are not in a position to navigate through the perilous procedure until they achieve what they desire in life (James 464).

Some are fateful, and some are not. Some are capable of navigating and sailing through the problems, but they are not fortunate enough. Many black boys (one out of three) are raised in low-income families where they seem socially and economically isolated. Living in a low-income family naturally exposes you to risks such as health and inadequate education. Inadequate nutrition, healthcare, housing, exposure to drugs and substance abuse at a tender age, living in an environment subject to crime could be disadvantageous and risky. There are some perceptions that the blacks, especially the African Americans perceive sports and music as an extravagant route towards better life than the academic achievements (Strayhorn 307). The blacks who do well in academics are accused of acting white to attain some individual gains.

To their advantage, blacks always have appropriate ways to survive in the challenging environments. It is rare to hear of a case of a black who have succumbed due to the poor conditions and yet there are frequent cases of those who are employed committing suicide as a result of difficulties in life and lack of perseverance strategies. The government may try as much as it can to implement opportunities and policies, but they may not bring about cultural change. Chapter Three 3. Research Methodology 3. Introduction In this section, the methods that were used to collect and analyze data have been given a special focus. The dissertation has explored the challenges that confront the African's black boys in America. Primary sources of data entailed a sample of the black boys from the various schools, the views and opinions of schools administration and also the parents of African students in America.

The qualitative information that will be collected from the primary sources mentioned will include the current vices that are perpetuated in various schools to discriminate between the black and white students. Regarding the quantitative data, it will be obtained from the secondary sources such as articles and journals that convey the prejudices and discriminatory practices that are enforced in most schools within the U. S soil. Data from primary and subsidiary sources will be combined ready to be analyzed. The students were interviewed using the pre-tested questionnaires where the responses were recorded in the questionnaires. The length of interview per student lasted between 25 and 30 minutes and therefore the researcher had an ample time to interact with respondent and collect adequate information.

Regarding the secondary data, the researcher used various articles and journals to ensure only the updated information will be obtained. The secondary information that was collected was summarized and combined with the primary data to explore the key challenges endured by black students. For the qualitative data that was collected, it was coded in order to ease analysis of the data. Community and Poverty Different studies have shown that the link between education and poverty is mostly traced back to genetic and inherited characteristics of an individual (Tilak 191). Most of the young people who do not do well in class are those that have inherited problem and cognitive capabilities. The interrelationship between education and poverty is that the poor are more likely to exhibit low cognitive and psychological abilities that are associated with poverty.

The people who are not financially stable are not in a position to acquire sufficient healthcare services. During delivery, the child delivery process is essential to the life of the child. As a result, the black boys put no effort in school for they think that theirs is only the manual work, pop music, and sports activities. This notion makes many blacks do poorly in academics and incline their life after schools in the direction of manual labor and sports. The school system and its effects on the black boys lives According to a research conducted by Hirschfield (page 79), the white students who misbehave are most likely recommended for medical help while black students are required to face punitive measures like sentencing or suspension.

David Ramsey, a sociology and criminology professor, found out that the actions of a white boy are as a result of a behavioral problem while that of a black boy are regarded as unruly or not willing to learn. In the study of the examination of the school-to-prison pipeline, there were 60000 schools analyzed in at least 6000 districts. The school system is subjecting the black boys to psychological torture and physical torture which are resulting to unruly youths and men in the society as a result of the desperation thereof. The black boys’ life in school and their and their future The nature of life that the black boys passed through in school was very significant to their future. The school life was very challenging for the said group, and they hardly survived the whole process.

As a result, there were many dropouts, suspensions, and sentencing (Wald et al. The situation caused psychological and physical pressure and the black students could either drop out or persevere but do extremely poorly in the academic work. Chapter Five 5. Discussion From the results obtained, one can conclude that the black boys are disadvantaged majorly by the perceptions about the skin color. The opinions concerning the skin color start as an evolution process through persuasion, and eventually, the state or the society become rooted in the structures of racial segregation and discrimination. The compositions herein are based on the beliefs on social inequalities and superficial physical appearance disparities. Structural racism refers to the socioeconomic and institutional process of racialization. It is general knowledge that the families who live below the poverty line will not be in a position to take their children to an excellent academic institution and this directly affects their education.

If the family is not able to acquire basic needs such as food, the student will not be in a position to concentrate in studies even if he has the capability and all it takes. The situation of difficulties in the family and society is likely to result in an underperforming student and thus an unemployed youth. With the unemployment rate increasing day in day out, the black boys increasingly get disappointed and left with no other option but involvement in activities that are not fulfilling and those that are risky both to their lives and the lives of the poor. The continuous and successive disappointments and discouragements have led the society to believe that the black boys are meant and doomed to suffer from the above conditions.

This, therefore, is the utmost definition of desperation and an individual who acts desperately is likely to do some regrettable actions, and this is the situation that the black boys find themselves. The reason that blacks get exposed to the justice system very early is solely because the school systems and rules were set by white who had a bad attitude towards the black boys. In many cases, the whites assume that the blacks have no rights to stay well and live as the whites do. When the black boys do an offense in school and are exposed to the justice system, they are ever assumed to be criminals, and since their records still exist, every employer in future believes that they are criminals and are not fit to hold a position in their companies and firms.

The most likely choice after the sentencing of the black boys is dropping out of school and looking for alternative methods of sustaining themselves which includes robbery and other criminal activities. Turner, J. American ethnicity: The dynamics and consequences of discrimination (4th ed.  New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Anglin, Deidre M. and Jay C. Brown, T. M.  Lost and turned out: Academic, social, and emotional experiences of students excluded from school. Urban Education, 42, 432-455. Dei, George J. Keith Harrison, and Scott J. Bukstein. A study of significance of racial and athletic identification on educational perceptions among African American male college athletes.  Race Ethnicity and Education 20. Harper, Shaun R. Post Road West, Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881, 2009. Jackson, J. F. and J. L. Threatened and placed at risk: High achieving African American males in urban high schools.

 The Urban Review 45. Milner IV, H. Richard. Race, culture, and researcher positionality: Working through dangers seen, unseen, and unforeseen. And other reflections on race, equity, and the future of public education. John Wiley & Sons, 2009. Ogbu, John U. A cultural ecology of competence among inner city Blacks.  Beginnings: The social and affective development of Black children (2013): 45-66. Racial battle fatigue and the miseducation of Black men: Racial microaggressions, societal problems, and environmental stress.  The Journal of Negro Education (2011): 63-82. Strayhorn, Terrell L. When race and gender collide: Social and cultural capital's influence on the academic achievement of African American and Latino males.  The Review of Higher Education 33. Welch, Kelly, and Allison Ann Payne. Racial threat and punitive school discipline.  Social Problems 57. Williams JH, Hovmand PS, Bright CL.

Overrepresentation of African Americans incarcerated for delinquency offenses in juvenile institutions.