Computer Aided Designs in Architecture

The term computer-aided design (CAD) refers to the use of computer technology in the preparation of graphics models, drawings, paper documents and files containing all the information necessary for manufacturing, and documenting parts and components for solving engineering design problems that workers face in the industry (Teicholz, 2015). It is important for CAD solutions to comply with industry standards and a later version of the ISO standard. Architects have had access to CAD for nearly a century (Teicholz, 2015). This technique has also advanced from being a confounded reproduction apparatus accessible to centralized server PCs and utilized solely by specialists working on unique "CAAD ventures" to being open to any interested individual on a PC. It has altered architecture in many ways over the years of its development and improvement.

Computer Aided Architectural design plays a vital role in the profession of architecture in recent years. Architects and designers of building structures with a high degree of probability have already used computer-aided design systems. According to Bijl (2013), the CAD systems allow the user to study design ideas and visualize concepts with the help of photo-realistic visualization, as well as simulate the behavior of products in real conditions. AutoCAD was the first CAD program and is still the most widely used CAD system (Bijl, 2013). Thanks to CAD, manual drawing on paper is replaced by an automated process. Thus, by the mid-80s, CAD systems for mechanical engineering took on a form that still exists today. But the most rapid development occurred during the 90s - by that time new players of the “medium weight category” entered the field (Teicholz, 2015).

Since then, computer-aided designs have continued playing a vital role in enhancing the way the architects carry out their activities. Increased competition has stimulated product development. The convenient graphical interface has enhanced the convenience of using computer systems in many fields including architecture. Computer-aided design has provided architects with powerful tools for designing parts and assembly units from the bottom up and from the top to the bottom while retaining all the associative links between the models (Teicholz, 2015). The initial stage in modeling is the development of a sketch. Tools for sketching allow architects to create different contours, set parameters - dimensions and dimensioning schemes that can be changed at any stage of development. The functionalities and two-way mappings of computer-aided design have benefited architects in many ways.

The two examples of mapping are demonstrated to be between the surface structures (TM1) and the profound structures (TM2) (Eastman, 2018). This led to the improvement of architectural designs as the architects can manipulate the designs in many ways to suit their expectations. Using new CAD methods helps architects to come up with a better projection compared to using traditional techniques (González-Lluch et al. They can develop high-quality designs that reflect their intended construction work. High quality is realized due to the ability of the architect to manipulate the designs. Using CAD allows an architect to change the details of a construction before coming up with the final design. Unlike the traditional design that involved drawing the design on a piece of paper, this technique enables the contractor to pay attention to many details relating to the design.

Understanding the details in a scientific manner can be an important step in improving the quality (Bilalis & Maravelakis, 2018). Therefore, CAD has improved the quality of the designs by improving the understanding of the architects. Computer-aided designs are developed using the best tools that are equivalent to or exceed the best human brains. The developers of the computer tools used in the development of architectural designs aimed at improving the quality among other things (González-Lluch et al. The use of programs in construction can assist the construction team to realize the prediction of the designs. The integration of the CAD and CAE techniques helps the team to create a blueprint with the options of manipulating the possible shortcomings (Evans, 2018). This is an important step before testing the prototype.

The advancement of the blueprint techniques and methods required by the outline capacities infers a critical difference in the diagram strategies, which must understand the intermingling of the most astounding qualities with the dependable ones. Despite the fact that the advancement of the project strategies is generally autonomous of the capacities, which must be acknowledged amid the projection, this is a subject to the CAD development and simulation techniques (Evans, 2018). Human errors related to handling the drawing are also eliminated as the developer does not handle the blueprint (Evans, 2018). Therefore, the use of CAD improves the quality of design and allows the contractor to control the quality of the product, and this enhances efficiency. A senior impediment in the building sector has been the utilization of multiple applications to create designs.

Nearly every application needs data that describes the building according to its context (Kalpakjian, Sekar & Schmid, 2014). The manual entry has been the primary way of using and entering data regarding various building designs. They also have to minimize costs and construction is also a way in which they have been looking to do so (Lajoie & Derry, 2013). Setting cost focuses to hit, rather than asking how much will it cost to deliver a plan, is turning into a pattern cost cognizant organizations have also been utilizing to ensure cost targets they set right off the bat in a venture are realized to the last item made. Many architects have moved towards CAD systems to help them minimize the costs relates to architecture as a result of moving away from the traditional systems.

They have found this technology to have many benefits related to reducing the costs of production (Kalpakjian, Sekar & Schmid, 2014). First is the capacity to imagine and impart the structure thoughts with clients, associates and assembling since 3D gives an actual existence like picture reasonable and intuitive plan an encounter you can't get with a traditional drawing. In the past few years, governments in various countries have subsidized the use of computer-aided designs to improve the construction quality (Evans, 2018). It is believed that when the cost of a product decreases, the money saved is used in enhancing its quality. This has been evident in the construction industries where governments have helped the builders meet the construction costs (Mazzoni, et al. The subsidies have also applied to the developers who create the applications.

These efforts have shown significant results in reducing the costs of construction. The second in which computer aided design programs have increased cost-efficiency is by allowing new techniques to be available that were impossible to carry out. This is attributed to the new techniques and computations that have emerged as a result of the computer aided design programs. The architects are now having access to more services at low costs (Kalpakjian, Sekar & Schmid, 2014). These models pursue reality considerably more nearly than was conceivable in manual techniques and permit the potential for better plans all the more firmly identified with execution necessities. Besides, with the expanding significance of vitality and cost-adequacy, customers will generally expect this sort of examination as a component of the architect’s structure benefit.

The CAD systems do not recognize the idea of planned obsolescence when it comes to buildings (Astebro, 2013). In this method, the design comes with a product that allows it to be re-outraged and repaired, perhaps for a thousand years. This option is not present in the traditional systems that were manual in nature. Computers aided designs have radically changed the design process from collecting source information to releasing production drawings. And yet there is one area where the developers of computer systems of architectural design have not yet achieved significant success-sketching (IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2014). It would be much more convenient to draw directly on the screen. In an attempt to solve the problems related to the drawings, manufacturers have come up with tools including AutoCAD and Microstation.

Others include Macromedia Freehand and Adobe Illustrator that is much suitable in providing the best drawings by hand (Astebro, 2013). They are meant to solve the problem of sketching to come up with the best designs in computer-aided design. This is an attempt to promote freehand technology to allow architects to develop conceptual projects. The contemporary CAD models allow the architects to utilize the construction of different forms of models model from which various forms of dimensional drawings are automatically generated. They also improve their latest proposals for conceptual modeling (Hamri et al. This meant that the architect can use the computer aided design systems to improve their proposed models. This is important since the utilization of the model means that the architect does not have to undergo a struggle.

CAD systems also include tools for creating and processing abstract solid forms, which are especially useful when moving from a between techniques such as two-dimensional conceptual search to a 3d models and using specific tools (windows, doors, walls, columns, etc. The development of CAD has changed the communication between the engineers and other parties such as the client and the engineers. Various tools such as Bricsnet have been created to facilitate the communication between the architect and other participants. These tools are aimed at complimenting the computer- aided designs systems. It is a form of an electronic environment created by a team of architects and engineers to coordinate work between the Internets (Hamri et al. Software applications, collaboration tools, industry news and resources, information forums and discussions are designed to meet the needs of the second largest industry in the world economy, construction, as well as meet the requirements of a particular project team (Astebro, 2013).

This improves efficiency as it ensures there is a minimal duplication of efforts (IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2014). Sharing the designs allows the builders to save a lot of time and efforts that can be utilized in performing other tasks related to the project. It was difficult for traditional engineers to share their designs and this resulted in difficult tasks of designing the blueprints (IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2014). The contemporary engineers can form platforms whereby they can exchange ideas regarding tools and designs. This is a major breakthrough in the construction sector. These Boolean operations create a rather complex geometric model. However, the work is extremely large, and the ability to edit the object is low.

For example, if you created a hole in the wrong diameter in the form, you must fill the hole with a solid cylinder and then cut it into a new one. If others intersect with this hole, all these crossings will be lost and must be rebuilt (Astebro, 2013). Modern solid state modeling systems are based on design features. are used as primitives. Specific elements are built either by extruding the flat sketch or at the same time in 3d (Fisher, 2015). This sets the relationships between the elements automatically, and when you move one of the elements, the link is saved. The Computer aided design techniques allow a third-party developer to create, implement, and run their own specialized applications. The plug-in interface used in the program operates with built-in COM objects that are responsible for working with the Computer aided design techniques.

The drawings remain connected to the model, automatically reflecting all of its changes. Moving a wall or adding a window does not entail alteration or re-negotiation of multiple drawings. This is the work of the programs, which also offer automatic dimensioning (IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2014). The architect can define alternative representations for materials and other constituent characteristics based on the purpose of the drawing. They can also develop alternative versions of some parts of a common project, such as different interior options for one room. This is an important step in controlling quality and minimizing errors. Computer aided designs have changed the architecture sectors tremendously over the past decades. The primary goal of developing these systems was to improve the creation of construction designs.

As a result, the systems have improves the accuracy of the designs by minimizing human errors. Also, the architects have an option of modifying the designs rather than repeating the whole process of designing, when an error occurs. Ayres. [et Al. Bijl, A. Computer aided architectural design. In Advanced Computer Graphics (pp. Evans, D. CAD/CAM- IMPROVED DESIGN QUALITY, INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY. Retrieved from https://www. osti. gov/servlets/purl/5186521 Fisher, S. A survey on 3D CAD model quality assurance and testing tools. Computer-Aided Design, 83, 64-79. Hamri, O. , Léon, J. C. , & Schmid, S. R. Manufacturing engineering and technology. Pearson. Lajoie, S. , & Marchetti, C. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing cutting guides and customized titanium plates are useful in upper maxilla waferless repositioning.