Leadership and Entrepreneurship

Other skills offered include risk-taking, strategic initiative establishment, proper decision-making and problem-solving (Roomi et al, 2011:6). In his study, establishes that corporate entrepreneurship which is properly incorporated with leadership education permits accessibility to entrepreneurial aspects that are less inclined to student hence offer creativity, innovation entrepreneurial culture, teamwork. Organization skills among others (Roomi et al, 2011:24). Entrepreneurship has turned out as a definitive aspect of the business around the world. Currently, even the women have become part and parcel of entrepreneurship even in the Muslim context. As phase 5 occurred, there was a need to determine how entrepreneurial identity development happens, the ethics within it and how to have a sustainable entrepreneurship situation. as such, there are two varied approaches to entrepreneurship education. The first approach to entrepreneurship is a continental while the second is Anglo-American where ontology, epistemology, axiology are utilized and related learning paradigms look into the theories of teaching and learning, didactics and pedagogy as well as learning and teaching practices with explicit versus implicit focus respectively.

In the teaching of entrepreneurship, the philosophical view base on the contextual and cultural aspects for that is what gives the root of the behavior. According to Hägg (n. Besides, government support is vital in offering entrepreneurship programs. The exploration of entrepreneurship programs in Europe served in the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals within the Nation’s 2030 agenda and it stressed on focusing on quality dimensions being the simplistic quantitative approach. The EU strategy targets lifelong learning in which entrepreneurship is preferred as both a start-up practice and input training where more knowledge is offered to individuals (Volkmann & Audretsch, 2017: 2). According to Volkmann & Audretsch (2017:4) the utilization of external stakeholders, having the required resources, and institutions issues offer quality education (4). Besides, learning of many lessons and regional educational networking impacts on entrepreneurship education because it offers intent, and much more.

The economic, geopolitical, and cultural aspects of Islamic culture influence entrepreneurship and private enterprise growth in a way that values define the gender and family participation in entrepreneurship. In entrepreneurial situations, moral issues are common. Generally, entrepreneurs such issues while making a choice between the pursuit of self-interest and maintenance of normative entrepreneurship ethics. In essence, some of them even perform very poorly especially when faced with some ethical challenges (Ganzgi, 2017: 375). Furthermore, some never at all consider the moral aspects, which emerge in this kind of situations. Therefore, such a person may attend more strongly to damage within entrepreneurial states. On the other hand, an individual with weak entrepreneurial self-efficacy might display a weak sense of moral identity through lack of commitment and confidence in such conditions.

Still, such individuals might still have a higher concentration on the social values and digital self-guidance, depicting the admiration for ethical compliance in entrepreneur conditions (Bryant, 2009: 506). As such, the roles of business people are instances of a decision to become an entrepreneur. While the cognitive representation and data are presented to an economic controller is the foundation for deciding, such a person is put within the social context, which has an impact on the depiction and the education processes. In spite of many nations having analyzed and explored the context globally, there is just a limited literature that concerns these topics in the Qatari context (Periz-Otiz, 2015). Even the ones that exist do not take into consideration the connection between the knowledge of its economy and entrepreneurship education.

As such, the gap in the literature is obvious and there is an unquestionable requisite for the research to cover the gap. The aim of this research study is to build on this initial research by delving into the experience of training and entrepreneurial education in Qatar. This manner of the examination will assist in hinting about the experience of Qatar while giving an opening into its drawbacks and strengths if they are available. In this study, the growing interest and its impact will be analyzed in a locally sensitive and informed manner by highlighting the characteristics of entrepreneurial leadership qualities and formations that work best in the Qatari and the Gulf context. By studying these qualities, localized versions of entrepreneurship education that are provided in tandem with traditional/conventional values and ways can be developed.

In order to pursue these goals, an initial step is to explore the qualities of entrepreneurship education and its practice that have been yielding fruitful results and the instances, in which the results have been negative. Theoretical Framework The theoretical lens of this paper will be inspired by the conceptual framework on embeddedness. Communitarianism is an articulated social form and link between commodified capitalist class processes and non-commodified production and is in turn embedded in other economic and cultural practices. • Territorial embeddedness: This type of embeddedness refers to the extent to which an actor is anchored in a particular territory or place. In Anatolia, this type of embeddedness manifests as strong “city identities”. Many of the businessmen surveyed noted that their primary motivation was to improve their city.

Economic actors become embedded in the city in which they live and work, and in some cases, become constrained by the economic activities and social dynamics that already exist in those places. When the attachment to the locality is strong it can increase the efficiency of cooperation and coordination among businesspeople and help to mobilize their philanthropic agendas. Although an “entrepreneur” is inherently an “individual”, educators and the providers of entrepreneurship should be cognizant of the forms of sociality, spatiality, community as well as various norms, codes, and symbols that define cultural traits. A second aim is to share some recent initiatives from Qatar’s dynamic entrepreneurship ecosystem and its evolvement that illustrates the importance of bringing “context” to entrepreneurship education.

Literature Review Entrepreneurship as an Embedded Process In addition to its economic base, entrepreneurship is a social process that is embedded in multiple non-economic realms. For instance, a common depiction of entrepreneurship rests on individual behavior. Is the individual the only agent undertaking the entrepreneurship process? The answer to this question is both “yes” and “no”. Social embeddedness involves cultural embeddedness, which relates to the role of historically established societal, communal, tribal relations, cultural imprints, and heritage. Societal embeddedness means that entrepreneurs need to be well informed about the realities and dynamics of societal structures. In a way, it is a rejection of the tendencies that individualize entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs have social objectives in addition to economic ones. Mobilizing societal resources and articulating them to economic resources is what entrepreneurs should do more and more.

It is true that economic globalization created a strong sense and perception of a “deterritorialized” world and “place” has been losing its importance, as the world becomes a “global village”. This is, however, not the entire picture. To start with, the entrepreneur has a locality, a place and a sense of that place. Multiple belongings, identities, history, and bonds co-exist. In other words, “territory” is not entirely lost when an entrepreneur performs its cognitive and practical actions. This nexus is fertile to uncover the dynamics that entrepreneurs need to embrace when it comes to mediate their economic objectives, which are quite individualistic, with their societal, territorial and network embeddedness, as I defined earlier. On the one hand, the workshop recognizes the central role that the entrepreneurs can play in building private sector-led dynamism, which may involve spearheading technological innovation; sustainable prosperity and development of the public and private sectors to ensure the Qatari economy can weather external and internal economic shocks.

On the other hand, as clearly stated in the QNV 2030, it is crucial to balance modernization with tradition. Searching for the moral basis of entrepreneurship in this regard could help identify new articulations between globalization and localization; religion and capitalism; culture and markets; and finally, between modernization and tradition. Identification of these articulations is important to scaffold Qatar’s transition to a diversified knowledge-based economy and to allow Qatar to attain global competitiveness through Qatar’s rising entrepreneurial spirit, as we witness very closely in Qatar’s expanding and deepening entrepreneurship ecosystem. According to Tok (2017:4), societal embeddedness in Qatar corresponds to the social arrangements that impact and shape the actions of personalities within their corresponding communities (4). As such, it involves cultural embeddedness, which relates to the role of historically established societal, shared, ethnic relations and cultural heritage.

Meanwhile, entrepreneurs ought to be well informed about the truth and changes inof societal frameworks. So as to preserve their attachment to their societal ties and unleash more inventive and creative undertakings, entrepreneurs will gain from decision-making mind-sets thus conceding societal embeddedness by matching social justice with monetary income. Ramadani et al. While the Chinese are willing to engage in business in other worlds through self-experience, the Indians are unwilling to let others on their premises and they guard business secrets because of low trust in strangers (Bråten, 2013:55). That makes them visible in the local market than global (Bråten, 2013:58). Local communities offer shares, comic, material space, and social life that is shared in a manner that gender-age or class-specific ideas are applied in business (Bråten, 2013: 97).

Similarly, wage work and flexibility is based on the readiness of local people to hire others or be hired. A brief look at the Amish people shows that they are a humility-based entrepreneur. While it is obvious that economic globalization has created a perception and a strong sense of a deterritorialized world and place, this has been losing its importance in Qatar. To enhance young people’s knowledge and their contribution to the economy, the organization introduces learners to critical thinking, innovation, and new business ideas. This gives other business organizations a chance to shape their impending work force (Ennis, 2013). To realize these objectives, INJAZ offers free training programs that covers work readiness, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy to youths in Qatar.

It is increasingly recognized that leadership and entrepreneurship play an essential role in economic and social development. In the institutional context, a multiple teaching of various paradigms that determine entrepreneurial goals and successful business ventures have to be facilitated (Fayolle, 2007:5). The national context too ought to highlight what happens in an entire state business while the political contest trains on massive public investment and evaluation of decision-making (Fayolle, 2007:7). In the context of Brazil classic economic theory has served in offering a radical change in entrepreneurship with individual and collective dreams turning into business activities and learning (Fayolle, 2007:17). The use of consultants, technicians, evaluations has fostered economic development (Fayolle, 2007:34). Furthermore, a research on women and entrepreneurship globally has emphasized on past experiences, role-modeling, social learning, and stereotypes that are culturally defendant so as to prevent financial stagnation (Fayolle, 2007:43).

Besides, data collected through the use of such reseaaserch tools are easy for analysis and interpretation as compared to the qualitative data. Meanwhile, since anonymity is ensured throughin the use of a questionnaire, it tends to elicit information that cannot be obtained through other methods. Undoubtedly, the research technique will tend to provide a careful overview of the findings in an ethical and objective way. Questionnaire In this study, a survey was conducted where some well-designed questionnaires were employed as a data collection method. The development of the questionnaire was mostly based on adopted established scales that were previously developed as the research team identified some past studies directly addressing the context of entrepreneurship education and leadership. 5 percent which is considered a very high response rate among similar studies.

This is mainly due to the follow-up by the research team and reminders that were sent to the research sample to complete the required developed research instrument. The non-respondents in the sample population was caused by the absence of the selected participants in their campuses at the time of collection as some were lectures who were carrying out other activities in the outside centers. Data Analysis Immediately after all the questionnaires were received, it was important to reduce the mass of data collected into a setup that is suitable for analysis. All the responses were coded and captured in a frequency distribution table. The uniqueness of the Qatari makes universal geo-political systems whereby families and loyal to one another and are loyal to the regime.

This makes seven families control riches through brokered deals. Recently, the particular, the government leaders in the Qatari do not know the sectors, the role of the private sector, and how to build the workforce who should meet the needs of the socio-economic diversification. The increasing need to ensure the private sector develops and needs the demands of various sectors to aim at realizing the growing demand for services and products. Institutions are emerging to foster efficient learning to fulfill the emerging and growing Islamic financial services and products in creating a local stock market in banking, healthcare, hospitality and other related enterprises (Pistrui and Fared-Sireih 2010:10). Within business ethics. Entrepreneur ethics serves as a professional ethics since it is functional in operating business.

Professional ethics requires reflection on the standards and norms of behavior and practice in the business profession. Entrepreneurs have particular behavior that they exhibit towards business when they make decisions. Since business activity often requires creativity, valuing time, effort, anticipated reward, as well as risks that are involved in it (Staniewski Slomski, and Awruk , 2015: 39). The legitimization and illegitimization also happen based on the cultural beliefs (Dana 2016:1). In reference to Framer and Richman, there is the penetration of the Calvinist culture in several nations and it results in economic success. Apparently, there is a belief that value orientation is a determiner of the success of entrepreneurship and it relies on the religious or cultural norms of a society (Dana, 2016:2). Given that religions are depositories of values and wisdom because of the cultural foundations within them, causal relationships exist in it as an influencing factor for the sign and nature of entrepreneurship individuals can pursue.

While Methodist accept the differences between the poor and rich and consider money asking as part and parcel of worship. Different religions value entrepreneurship differently. Among the religions that value religions there are the Jews, Mormons, Jains, and Mennonites because they encourage the economic transition. Buddhism and Christianity favor capitalism while Islam does not because they are against competition, private property and qualifty for incentives (Dana, 2016:6). Islam looks at the notion of development holistically yet it never negates material development. It is therefore suited to develop a modern and knowledge-based economy where entrepreneurship must use its knowledge to pursue business. When religion preaches given values, then certain products are manufactured and sold more than others in a way that business entrepreneurship is shaped in that form.

In other situations, when given religious affiliation prefer a given type of business, then it picks up in the entire nation in Morocco, it has been realized that the Muslims did silver smiting while the Jews were practicing supplies and peddling of gold. Correspondingly, credit, information, su. Supply and employment networks are related to marriage alliances and particular interpretations of such situations. Thus, the network of merchants for a particular group does offer pedagogy in given finance processes among the co-religionists. At the end of it, there is an established intra-enclave business activity where ethnic identification serves in the entire entrepreneurship. It is obvious that religious values and religions offer prospects for entrepreneurship because it could create needs and entrepreneurship opportunities based on the definition of when to transact business, how to produce it, what levels of profits to yield, and which foodstuff to take.

For instance, Islam makes halal consumption of some food but disapproves others. It is not allowed for one to consume all blood, a carcass of a dead animal, frogs, lobster, clams, shrimp, and shellfish. On the contrary, there are counties like Australia Malaysia India, the UK, where such foods make a lot of money. On the other hand, Zeffane argues that personality traits serve greatly in influencing entrepreneurial behaviors among which intentions and potentials fall. Entrepreneurs with different psychological characters might exhibit varying levels of entrepreneurial behaviors (2014: 5). Since the entrepreneurial process is highly “individualistic” there has been a view that through individuals and their behaviors a business activity can nourish or perish. This means that leaders can determine how well a company can grow or decline.

On the other hand, countries in the GulfQatari consider collective decision as significant in the growth of entrepreneurial programs. On the other hand, in the USA many people have individualistic cultures that make them want to be the best business people in the world hence they engage in activities to generate money (Zeffane, 2014: 13). Therefore, managers who aim to integrate both collectivist and individualist characteristics and select personality that are value adding for future growth in business management and decision-making (Zeffane, 2014:14). The economies of religion look into aspects and approaches of standard economic evaluation whereas the Islamic economics seek to put to the application and utilize the Islamic religious standards so as to mold economic examination in a manner that fits a Muslim’s economic conduct.

Islamic economics hold basically as part and parcel of the universal social and moral philosophy of Islam for a while. However, after the second world war, the process assumed the shape of a discrete discipline reflecting on alternative approaches of post-colonial social companies especially those that were in line with the Islamic ethos. Furthermore, there is the extension of utility from life on earth to eternity and them the explicit recognition where communal duties and that wellbeing can never be attained in any real sense without worrying about the welfare of others. A faithful being has to pursue the personal interests within the restriction of the communal expectation and rely on moral forces of brotherhood, affection, altruism, fraternity, and mutual respect which presents lust for riches and selfishness.

Thus, for anyone taking part in an economic activity within the Islamic economies, there should be a religious responsibility through which he or she pursues personal goals while complying totally with the norms and values of the community to make sure they have a privilege to similar freedoms. Shariah as a guideline serves the achievement of the application of human endeavors and economic resources in seeking satisfaction for both financial and social benefits (Hassan and Lewis, 2015: 4). Matters of commodities to manufacture, a method of production, the people to sell with or to and related issues have to fall within the bounds of the Shariah (Hassan and Lewis, 2015: 5). While social embeddedness is based on connected individuals experiencing a common environmental reality, it is important to understand that societies and their communal subgroups exist through interaction.

It is through this that different individual’s experiences are shared and communal life is maintained. Given that entrepreneurs are closely tied through a diversity of social relationships to a broader network of actors, entrepreneurship has proved a fertile field in which the concept of embeddedness has taken hold and flourished. Conclusion To summarize, the thematic focus of the above-mentioned excursion makes a direct reference to the embeddedness of economic behavior and invites various leading intellectuals from a wide range of fields to discuss the moral bases of entrepreneurship for a fairer world. Qatar’s National Vision 2030 already identified the importance of these embedding processes. References Bellah, R (. 1995/6) “Community Properly Understood: A Defense of ‘Democratic Communitarianism,’” Responsive Community 6, 1, 49-54. Bråten, E (.

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