The Social and Ethical Issues of Artificial intelligence

Discussion 4 2. Development of Artificial Intelligence in Japan 4 2. Economical relationship with artificial intelligence in Japan 5 2. Economic impacts of artificial intelligence in Japan 5 2. Ethical relationship with artificial intelligence in Japan 9 2. Figure 11: Robots conducting environmental monitoring for scientific discoveries 12 Figure 12: The use of Robots in Research stations. The Social and Ethical Issues of Artificial intelligence Abstract Artificial intelligence is portrayed through the use of machines that perform same tasks as a human being. It is a technology that was first invented by John McCarthy during his research in 1995. The technology involves the use of robotic technology in the workplaces, health sector, manufacturing and transport. Japan is among the leading countries who have adopted the use of AI to supplement human personnel, reduce cost and enhance efficiency in different sectors.

Definition of AI John McCarthy invented artificial Intelligence after carrying out a series of research in 1995. His research concluded that every aspect of learning and other areas of intelligence can be simulated using a machine. AI describes the process of working using machines that apply the principles of human intelligence. Therefore, AI means “investigating intelligent problem-solving behavior and creating intelligent computer systems”. It is characterized by weak and strong artificial intelligence. Therefore, the development of Artificial Intelligence in Japan has ranked it the leading technological country in the world, and its economic and ethical sectors have been greatly impacted for that matter. Economical relationship with artificial intelligence in Japan Economics is a very complex field of operation in a country that comprises of various sectors.

In all the sectors, the speed of operation matters for its success in improving the economy of a country. Technology has proven to be the only boost in the economy of Japan due to its demographic challenges that affect the industries regarding offering labour. Technology is applicable in various sectors such as agriculture, education, finance and so on (Shin, 2013). Figure 1: Techniques for analysis of the financial application. Figure 2: Use of robots in industries The above image indicates one of the models that have been created through the use of mathematical proofs for purposes of computerised financial analysis in major companies in Japan. This model has been used by very many companies in Japan to enable ease in operations in different constituents of an industry such as accounting and financing.

Further, the model is used for forecasting in demand and supply chain to avoid financial loses. It has proven to be more effective than the use of human knowledge. Additionally, online communication strategy has improved the customer company relationships leading to more development in the tourism sector of the Japanese economy. Figure 4: Robotics use in Henn hotel in Japan. Figure 5: Robots use inside Henn Hotel in Japan Figure 5 shows the use of Robots to perform customer services through learning of customer preferences. This indicates that hotels in Japan have adopted the use of AI to perform human services faster than the way the human would do the task. Also, figure 4 illustrates the use of Robots in Henn hotel for security purposes and maximum hotel operations.

The fact that the Artificial Intelligence develops machines that are working as humans mean that the human relations and moral standards have to be redefined, especially the fact that they are being applied in ethical sectors of the economy such as healthcare and clinical sectors. Ethical impacts of artificial intelligence in Japan According to Luxton, (2014) points out that Artificial Intelligence has improved the efficiency of clinical psychological practice. In most cases, the models used for monitoring patients with mental health care combined with AI technologies, and as a result, it provides ease transformation of human perception and interaction, making it easier to detect any mental problem and perform therapy. Similarly, AI application led to the development of computer games which are very important for providing psychological care services.

These computer games are useful for training skills, distraction and modelling of behaviours of mentally ill patients among other therapeutic services. Furthermore, the use of robotic services provides enough care for the old age, by giving them extra support, something that is conformal to the ethics of the society (See figure 7, 8 and 9). Figure 7: Teleoperated Robot-assisted surgical system Figure 8: Robot assisting Nurses to take off patients from one room to another Figure 9: A robot helping an aged person from the hospital lift Additionally, Russel (2015) points out that with the employment of Artificial intelligence, the scientific discovery in medicine and biology has been accelerated. Most scientific discoveries are done even in research stations in the space, something that is easier with a Robotic system that the human beings.

As such, the decision between who lives and who dies will be easier to make, because, with increased medical research, there will be led deaths due to more medication for some epidemic diseases such as cancer. The discovery has helped discover a medicine that increases the immunity of a patient (figure 10, 11 and 12). Luxton, have illustrated how professionals lost their jobs in mental health care with the adoption of AI techniques (2014). People will learn and gain skills only to lack a field of practice because every sector is occupied by computerised robots or technologies which are more efficient than the human skills. It is therefore anticipated that with the increasing rates of unemployment, the Japanese economy will reduce its development rate. Ethical Issues Also, AI techniques and task performing still create an ethical issue.

For instance, people feel that creation of AI robotics and computer systems has led to human cognitive manipulation. As much as the government was aiming at curbing demographical issues, other issues also have been created by the use of AI technologies. Such issues include loss of jobs by industrial employees making many people jobless, too much focuses in technological studies more than any other educational fields. It has also led to ethical issues such as changes in societal norms and underestimation of human intelligence. Despite the issues developed by AI, it has led to positive impacts on economics and ethical sectors. Such impacts include increased financial risk management, operations, healthcare efficiency, and improved chances for business collaborations among others. Ema, A.

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