Female Leadership in China

The theoretical section consists of what is meant by female leadership as well as the Chinese women in leadership roles in international businesses and government. The information and data utilized in this study was collected from previous studies as well as literature that are related to the topic. In addition, the author’s knowledge, understanding, and experience of the subject were applied to create the theory. In the empirical part of the study, qualitative research methods were utilized together with pre-existing data. The outcome of the study reveals the factors that The theoretical part of the study consists of what is meant by female leadership and the Chinese women in leadership roles in government and companies. 3 Methodology 6 1. 4 Theoretical Framework 7 1. 5 Scope and Limitations 7 1.

6 Structure of the Thesis 7 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2. Relationship Theory 14 2. 4 Chinese Leadership Theories 14 2. 1 Confucian and Mencius’s humanistic 14 2. 2 The Legalistic Theory 14 2. 3 Taoism’s naturalistic style 15 2. 2 In Cоmраnіеѕ 20 4. 1 Pеng Lеі 20 4. 2 Trudу Dаі 20 4. 3 Jіаng Fang 20 4. 4 Jасԛuеlіnе Rеѕеѕ 20 5. 1 Background Leadership is described as an act or process of guiding or leading people, a team, or an organization to achieve certain objectives. Throughout the world, the role of leadership has been associated with the male gender rather than women. Why can women lead? In the west, there are numerous women who have served in prominent leadership positions. In this regard, female leadership is understood as women taking the leadership roles within businesses, society, or the nation. It is known that women are capable of rising to higher positions in society by the mainly face hurdles imposed by the society.

How diverse are the Chinese companies namely Alibaba, Huawei, Suning, Baidu among others? 2. Are qualified Chinese women willing/ready to take up leadership roles? 3. How great are the impacts of current Chinese female leaders such as Sun Chunlan, the only female in the China’s Politburo? 4. What is the position of Chinese culture on women as leaders? 5. How difficult is it for interested women to break the China glass ceiling of leadership? 6. Furthermore, female institutions such as the All China Women’s Federation (ACWF) among others centered on leadership will be approached through their publications, websites, and blogs to get information about the priorities of Chinese women regarding leadership in China. The approach of this investigation is inductive. Basically, this means that the research begins from a particular observation on a certain subject area.

4 Theoretical Framework In order to understand the study and offer a platform for knowledge related to specific objectives of the study, the leadership theory is utilized. Nonetheless, since the idea of leadership is broad, the paper will focus on the theory of female leadership in china. In the first chapter, the topic and research problem is elaborated. This is then followed by the literature review as the second chapter. In the third chapter, the paper will focus on the factors the influence the leadership of women in China. In the subsequent section, the empirical work “Case: Chinese Women in Leadership Roles in Government and Companies” is presented. The final chapter, the paper is concluded based on the findings and the research questions outlined at the beginning will be answered based on the outcome.

Therefore, it is essential to determine these obstacles and put forward corresponding solutions in order to create a fair and competitive environment for women as well as boost their confidence and determination. Basically, leadership is one of the most important competencies that drive performance and proper management of resources to achieve the objectives of an organization. Moreover, it is the main backbone for strategic management that warrants development of the company or enterprise. Since the 1980’s, there has been an emphasis on female leadership and how organizations can benefit instead of proving the humanity of women and their ability to handle higher positions. As Young (2018) argues, “since the 1980’s, around the world, more and more women have entered the workplace” (p.

However, the stereotypes and prejudice against women leaders are not yet fully eliminated. It has been observed that women in leadership are still faced with disrespect and are seldom recognized as their male counterparts. According to Patel (2016), in the job competition and development of female, it is very hard to exchange the roles between work and family. Therefore, it has been noted that family factors pose the main barriers to the female leadership development. Therefore, when the existing barriers are eliminated, the leadership of women and their resourcefulness we be realized more. 2 Theories Over the past century, there has been an increased interest in the psychology of leadership. This has led to the emergence of numerous leadership theories that explain why certain individuals become great leaders.

Majorly, these theories are centered on the traits of leaders. However, there are numerous theories that have been specifically developed to explain the character that people must follow to enhance their leadership capacity in diverse environments. In order to explain female leadership in China, the following theories will be discussed: 2. d. Contingency Theories The contingency theory is focused on certain variables that are related to the surroundings and determine the style of leadership that is best suited for such an environment or situation. Hence, the theory affirms that no style of leadership is appropriate for all situations (Anderson, 2016). As Anderson affirms, good leadership is not about the capability or traits of the leader. This means that good leaders are focused on addressing and balancing the needs of the organization, the workers, and the prevailing conditions.

Behavioral Theory Unlike the previously discussed theories, the behavioral theory proposes that leadership is based on learned behavior. It is based on the belief that great leaders are made, not born. It is simply understood as the contradiction of the Great Man Theory. It is basically rooted in behaviorism and centers on the actions of leaders, not the mental qualities or internal states. Therefore, the theory supports the view that people can become leaders through learning and reflection (Behavioral Theory, n. It ensures that all workers are kept on check and do not slack in the work environment (Cherry, 2017). Relationship Theory This also understood as the transformational leadership theory, mainly focused on enhancing connections and building trust between the leader and the subordinates.

A transformational leader is very key in the strategic development of an organization because they inspire individuals or team members to understand and value the vision of the organization. While they are concerned with the performance of the team members, they equally want each person to realize their potential and develop while they assist the organization. Most importantly, leaders who follow this style of leadership are known to possess a very excellent ethical and moral standard (Cherry, 2017). The handles of punishment and favor ensure that people are always on toes and adhere to the set standards within the organization (The East, 2010). 3 Taoism’s naturalistic style This leadership style is basically natural and effortless because the leaders play the role of facilitators in the whole process of moving an institution.

Instead of leaders pushing, they invest their time to work on the nature of the subordinates and the flock follows their leader without them knowing that they do so. In this leadership style, the leaders are ready to stoop low and stay resilient during hard times. The essence of this kind of leadership is for the leader to do what they are supposed to and stand back. The first of these imperatives was concerned with the preservation of its integrity as well as internal unity. This was specifically related to its massiveness and long borders. Consequently, this justified the hierarchical status and centralized the powers of the emperor and other imperial leaders. According to the traditions and customs of the land, the women were required to obey and follow “the three obedience’s and the four virtues.

” Basically, the obedience’s require a lady to obey the father before he is married, her husband whenever she is married, and her sons whenever she is a widow (Jirong, n. Even those individuals who try to avoid falling for the stereotypes find themselves performing their duties as per the expectations and standards set by the society. These scenarios are observed at the workplace and at home. Therefore, individuals are highly influenced by the pre-established gender roles that have been in existence since time immemorial, and have an influence on the self-fulfilling prophecy. The idea that women should not serve in equal positions as men is still prevalent in the current society (Sandberg, 2013, p. 2 Dіvіѕіоn іn Education аnd in thе Lаbоr Market There are differences in the type of industries that women would wish to join based on the trends observed in education.

This will consequently weaken their position in the labor market and slow down their advancement in career (Gender Equality and Women’s Development in China, n. d. 5 Orgаnіzаtіоnѕ It is noted that organization play a significant role in ensuring that women rise to the rank of leadership in the society. Based on the culture of the organization and policies governing the jurisdictions, organizations can freely hire women as leaders. However, the culture of the organization greatly affects the career of women and the possibilities of advancing. It is also known that the reforms led to the formulation of gender-related institutions and policies such as the Law of thе Pеорlе’ѕ Rерublіс of Chіnа оn the Protection оf Women’s Rights аnd Intеrеѕtѕ (1992, 2005), thе Prоgrаm fоr Women Dеvеlорmеnt in Chіnа (1995-2000, 2001-2010) аnd ѕресіfіс rules spelt оut іn various dосumеntѕ relating tо personnel арроіntmеntѕ by the Central Organization Dераrtmеnt (COD) оf thе Chіnеѕе Cоmmunіѕt Party (CCP) (е.

g. , thе Prоgrаm on Dеереnіng thе Rеfоrm оf Cadre and Pеrѕоnnеl Sуѕtеm frоm 2001 tо 2010). Evidently, from the current stand, there are numerous women leaders in the political scene (Hofman, 2018). In the year 2007, Wu Yi, the Vice Premier of China was ranked as the second on the top 100 most powerful women in the world that id done by Forbes magazine. Currently, she runs the organization’s Small and Micro Financial Services group, which include the giant online payment system known as Alipay (Clover, 2014). 2 Trudу Dаі Among the female leaders in Alibaba, Trudy Dai is the resolute and well-positioned in the company. She established the company’s telephone and sales division and has served as the general manager of the company’s international operations.

Currently, she serves as the Chief Talent Officer, a very important role that determines the value of the many employees of Alibaba (Clover, 2014) 4. 3 Jіаng Fang The history of the organization reveals that Jiang Fang was appointed as the director of corporate, and culture, and values, which sometimes sounds as if it is an insignificant position. It is noted by the founder of the organization that female are the main source of the company’s success because of their unique abilities and natural giftedness (Kokalitcheva, 2015). Notably, more than thirty percent of Alibaba top managers are women, and a third of its founding partners are also women. It is also noted that more than 40% of the workforce is comprised of women. Therefore, we can attribute the success of the organization to the massive contribution of female leaders.

2 Qualified Chіnеѕе Women There is no equal participation given to women who have similar qualification as men. This is severed by the perspectives of women themselves. It has been observed that women become mother once they bear children. Hence, this halts their progress and prevents them from participating in social and economic life (Love, n. d. 5 Chіnа Glаѕѕ Ceiling оf Leadership It is very hard for women to attain higher position because of the glass ceiling leadership style. 2 Rеlіаbіlіtу аnd Validity The study utilized numerous sources to collect information and data. The utilized sources included literature, newspaper articles, other web articles, and public statistics. The main objective was to ensure that all sources give the true image of the current development in the nation regarding the leadership of women.

However, there are other sources that may appear outdated because of the constant changes that occur in the society. References Anderson, P. htm. Board of Directors (n. d. Alibaba Group. Retrieved from https://www. Cambridge University Press. Cherry, K. The Major Leadership Theories: the Eight Major Theories of Leadership. Very Well Mind. Retrieved from https://www. Clover, C. Women of 2014: The women of Alibaba. Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www. ft. Retrieved from https://www. ft. com/content/cfceb3f6-f703-11e7-a4c9-bbdefa4f210b?saveConsentPreferences=success. Gender Equality and Women’s Development in China (n. d. The World Bank. Retrieved from https://blogs. worldbank. org/eastasiapacific/reflections-on-forty-years-of-china-reforms. Jiahui, S. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons. uri. edu/cgi/viewcontent.