Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking

About 600, 000 mortality cases are evident in passive or non-smokers (passive smokers) of tobacco. Epidemiologically the Western Pacific regions record the highest number of smokers with a majority being adults. 1 in 10 deaths arising from tobacco use among adults of between 30-60 years of age have been witnessed in these regions. With respect to the WHO publication, areas with poor economy present a higher prevalence of tobacco smoking as compared to more economically stable regions. Children are greatly affected by secondary smoke emissions from tobacco smoking (Fong, 2006). Tobacco smoking increases the risks of sudden cardiac deaths by two folds in active smokers while the risk is relatively lower among non-smokers. These health risks may worsen due to prolonged cigarette use. Other cardiovascular diseases associated with cigarette smoking include; hypertension, aortic atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease (APVD) which have been proved in 90% of cigarette smokers.

Functionality of the vascular system in aging population usually deteriorates due to several factors like lifestyle conditions and other underlying health problems (Gerstenblith, 2005). Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases among adults aged 65 years and above. Previous studies show that 85% of lung cancer deaths in the U. S. originate from cigarette smoking. This represents; 50% cases in men and 30% in women (Bayard, & Jinot, 1993). Research problem The major problem to be addressed in this research is the prevalence of preventable premature deaths that arise from cigarette smoking. Every participant was allowed to voluntarily and freely respond or decline to the questionnaires presented to them. Interviews were comprised of interrogative questions and elaborations that required genuine responses. This survey was conducted in relation to another study which included participants of an age range of 50–60 years and was aimed at exploring the hardship of smoking cessation by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients.

The findings from the interviews conducted in this study alluded that approximately 50% of smokers developed COPD (Eklund, Nilsson, Hedman, & Lindberg, 2012). Quantitative modus After assessing the participants based on their age and sex, they were grouped into; male, female and then placed in their respective age groups. 14; p<0. 001per 10 pack-years). Additionally, the study also suggested an association of smoking high cigarette doses to coronary problems and death. In which an increased risk to death was witnessed among past smokers (HR1. 11;95% CI 1. However, it was shocking to not that almost 98% of the participants, both smokers and non-smokers were aware of the effects of cigarette smoking. Middle aged participants did not present any serious symptoms. Although, there are a few men who had breathing problems and whose blood pressure were relatively high.

Generally, it was noted that none of individuals who took part in the study received care while at home not until their conditions were more critical is when they visited the hospital for medical checkups. And when asked whether they have ever thought of quitting cigarette smoking, majority said it was hard quitting and each time they made a decision to quit they would easily find themselves smoking again. S. , & Tresch, D. D. Cardiovascular disease in the elderly patient. New York [u. Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis and Cellular Mechanisms. Boston, MA: Springer US Eklund, B. M. , Nilsson, S. , Hedman, L. , Kalogeropoulos, A. P. , Georgiopoulou, V. V. , Smith, A. Everett, M. D. Health consequences of smoking: Cardiovascular disease : a report of the surgeon general.