How diet may be used as an aid to management of type 2 diabetes

Elevated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has also been considered as a risk feature leading the growth of microvascular and macrovascular problems (Sami et al. Diet management could be applied to individual experiencing elevated HbA1c thus preventing the development of diabetic problems. Awareness to diabetic problems and resulting progress in dietary skills, attitudes, and practices could improve the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Stakeholder involvement amongst the healthcare providers, health facilities and community health organization as well as the government has increased advocacy and directed resources towards encouraging patients to know the significance of diet in managing diseases, proper personal care and quality life (Schmittdiel et al. Importance of Dietary Management Diabetes remains on the public health problem, and its occurrence is projected to grow to 629 million by 2045, which could impact more on health, social and economic wellbeing (Forouzanfar et al.

The notion of observing nutrition for chronic conditions such as diabetes is enough to stop people from considering their diet and maintain an ideal consumption pattern.  Medical nutrition therapy guides a methodical and evidence-based approach for managing diabetes through diet (Evert et al. , 2014; Franz et al. Although development has been made to understand the best dietetic recommendations for chronic illness, challenges still exist. Most diabetes procedures recommend pharmacotherapy after changes in nutritional and physical lifestyle, and this is not always practiced by all (Franz et al. This could be done by assessing the glycemic response to carbohydrates-rich diets; the Glycemic Index (GI) and the Glycemic Load (GL) (Vega-Lopez et al.  Meta-analyses studies show that low Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load diets have lesser diabetes risks unlike high GI and GI diets (Bhupathiraju et al.

Remission is said to occur if blood glucose level returns to normal without the help of diabetes medication. Several studies reveal that low-carb is a mainly effective method of managing Type 2 diabetes without the need to seek medications (Franz et al. , 2017) Remission is a clear indication that an individual is on the road towards a healthy living. Compound systems within the body stimulate energy storage as dispose tissue fat when there is excess food and activate braking of stored energy during the scarcity of the food (Hartstra et al. Counterweight Plus has been instrumental in helping patients manage diabetic conditions. The technique trains dietitians to help patients have a low-calorie diet plan which includes an original stage of eating about 850 calories daily for three-five months.

The step is then followed by 2-8 weeks’ period where calories intake is gradually increased. Patients are then encouraged to appear for consultations every month to maintain weight loss (Lean et al. These FAS are reproduced in plasma and tissue lipids, therefore, dietetic fatty acid composition, to some degree, regulates the relative accessibility and storing the Fatty Acids in fat tissue. Mechanisms underlying the dietary Fatty Acids and occurrence of diabetes relationships remain uncertain, although the ordinary understanding perceives that dietary quality of the fats mostly influence Fatty Acid structure in the cell membranes and, as a result, functioning of the cell membrane (Vannice and Rasmussen, 2014). The Fatty Acid structure of cell membranes is believed to change many cells functioning, such as membrane permeability, ion absorptivity, and insulin receptor.

These roles are affected by glucose translocation carriers relating with instant messengers. Such modifications may perhaps, affect tissues and whole body insulin sensitivity. Vitamins and Minerals For proper functioning, the human body needs 13 vitamins; therefore, people with type 2 diabetes have reported benefits when vitamins and minerals are supplemented in their diets. Many dieticians’ recommend 1-3 grams of vitamin C daily, and this is seen to improve glucose tolerance and lower sorbitol. Foods rich in vitamin C include citrus fruits, pepper, and leafy greens. B vitamins are known for glucose metabolism thus lowering glucose levels. Others such as Chromium and manganese have been reported to improve insulin function (Ley et al. Individual Foods and Food Groups for Type 2 Diabetes Previous studies show that consumption of various specific food items or diet groups plays a key role in managing or preventing diabetes (Lean et al.

Whole grain diet remains one of the key food group associated with lower diabetes risks. However, highly sugary foods such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and highly processed carbohydrates. However, experts argue that it is possible to maintain recommended blood glucose levels by making healthy foods selections and tracking eating habits. Thus type 2 diabetes is easily managed by improving a patient's dietary knowledge, attitudes and actions (Sami et al.  Omega-3 FAs support strong heart by dropping triglycerides and could be obtained from salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardines and bluefish (Alonso-Domínguez et al. Foods rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are very important in lowering cholesterol levels in the body (Vannice & Rasmussen, 2014). Avocado, almond, pecan, walnut, olive, and canola, olive and peanut oils are rich in healthy fats, but overconsumption is not recommended as they contain high calories.

Diabetes increases the risks of chronic heart diseases as it accelerates the formation of clogged and hardened arteries thus individual having type 2 diabetes are advised to avoid foods containing saturated fats, trans fats (processed foods) and cholesterol and sodium. Different Approaches to Creating a Diabetes Diet The American Diabetes Association provides a 7-steps simple technique for planning meals, the plate method. The Glycemic index orders foods containing carbohydrate based on the effects they have on levels of blood sugar (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Through that, type 2 diabetes risks are greatly managed. References Alonso-Domínguez, R. , Gómez-Marcos, M. A. e016191. American Diabetes Association, 2015. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2015 abridged for primary care providers.  Clinical diabetes: a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 33(2), p.

Bhupathiraju, S. C. and Hu, F. B. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from 3 large US cohorts and an updated meta-analysis–.  The American journal of clinical nutrition, 100(1), pp. , Huxley, R. , Jackson, C. L. , Joshy, G. and Lewington, S. , Fiol, M. , de la Corte, F. J. G. , Ros, E. , Franz, M. J. , Mayer-Davis, E. J. , Neumiller, J. Forouzanfar, M. H. , Afshin, A. , Alexander, L. T. and Cohen, A. J. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.  The Lancet, 388(10053), pp. Franz, M. and Venn, B. J. Nutrition Therapy Effectiveness for the Treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Prioritizing Recommendations Based on Evidence.

In Nutrition Guide for Physicians and Related Healthcare Professionals (pp. Humana Press, Cham. , Bergenstal, R. M. , Buse, J. B. , Diamant, M.  Diabetologia, 58(3), pp. Kabisch, S. , Bäther, S. , Dambeck, U. , Kemper, M. , Bell-Higgs, A. and Brosnahan, N. audit of outcomes for patients with Type 2 diabetes using the Counterweight-plus weight management programme: p252.  Diabetic Medicine, 33, pp. Ley, S. Available at: https://www. mayoclinic. org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-diet/art-20044295 [Accessed November 8, 2018]. Misra, R. , Balagopal, P. Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes.  Progress in lipid research, 48(1), pp. Sami, W. , Ansari, T. , Butt, N. and Unwin, D. J. Outcomes of a Digitally Delivered Low-Carbohydrate Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Program: 1-Year Results of a Single-Arm Longitudinal Study.  JMIR diabetes, 3(3), p. e12. M. , O’Connor, P.