Impact of HIV Internationally and Nationally

The first part will examine globalisation and its effects on countries. The second section will analyse the impacts of HIV internationally and in the UK. The third part will critically discuss the implications HIV has on the National Health Service (NHS) and finally, explain future implication on approach to HIV and how it will affect the 21st century nursing in practice. Understanding the impact of HIV in the UK, NHS, and other countries require a good understanding of what the term globalisation means (Callero, 2015, p. Globalisation refers to the process of interaction and integration between individuals, companies, and organisations from various countries (Madra, 2017, p. The virus is widely spread through the exchange of sexual fluids, blood, and breast milk from an infected individual.

HIV is one of the primary contributors to the high mortality rate in the world (Madra, 2017, p. Public Health England HIV in the UK in 2016 reported that over one hundred thousand were living with HIV most of them found in England (Meakin & Keeling, 2018). The disease was rampant among gay people and individuals of the African-Caribbean origin (The Lancet HIV, 2016). Around six hundred people had been reported to have died from AIDS epidemic (OS, 2017). This is because children are not sustained, infection rate remains high in African countries compared to Europe states and women continue to be the most infected population (Brown and Labonté, 2011, p. Data reveal huge differences when comparing various nations effort to curb the virus. (Meakin & Keeling, 2018). Some countries especially those in Europe have attained 50% progress in the fight against the epidemic whereas others have remained the same with minimal changes (Brown and Labonté, 2011, p.

Despite various problems encountered global efforts has led to a large number of HIV patients accessing medication (OS, 2017). Factors thought to influence sexual intercourse to include promiscuity, cultural practices for example circumcision, and other rituals that result to exposure to blood, for example, traditional medicinal surgeries, tattoos, and shaving of pubic hair (Johnson, Dorrington, and Moolla, 2017, p. The absence of risk factors such as homosexuality and drug abuse have made researchers conclude the mode of HIV spread in Africa differs from those in the west (OS, 2017). HIV has shown some significant impact on the National health service (NHS). HIV has shown the relationship between biomedical study and enhanced healthcare results (The Lancet HIV, 2016). An improvement has been observed since 1981 when HIV was a death sentence to the prolongation and survival of patients diagnosed with the virus (Johnson, Dorrington, and Moolla, 2017, p.

Dementia, learning disability, cancer diabetes and mental health are considered as primary health issues in the country (Johnson, Dorrington, and Moolla, 2017, p. The exclusion of HIV as a communicable disease from NHS study is surprising considering national health service is concerned with prevention and early treatment to combat the widespread of chronic diseases (The Lancet HIV, 2016, p. It is also surprising since some of the strategies for a sustainable health system adopted by the NHS such as self-management, shared decision making, and other policies were developed and spread because of HIV epidemic (The Lancet HIV, 2016, p. NHS in England still has a lot to learn such as case prevention, building supportive communities and supported self-management in the fight against HIV (Ong et al.

, 2015, p. Recent research reveals that HIV patients undergoing medication had a normal life expectancy (Ong et al. , 2015, p. This should not, however, be used to write off the impact of HIV can have on a country (Meakin & Keeling, 2018, p. A normal life expectancy will only be attained if an HIV positive patient is diagnosed early begins immediate treatment and adheres to medication and avoid health-risky behaviors such as alcoholism and drug abuse (The Lancet HIV, 2016, p. There are also other health issues associated with HIV medication especially to children who begun HIV treatment early in life and have relied on it their entire lives (KAZANJIAN, 2017, p. Certain aspects of the management of HIV are highly valued by individuals living with HIV since they are the keys to ensuring quality health outcomes (KAZANJIAN, 2017, p.

There are also limitations of the NHS services in providing care to patients diagnosed with HIV (KAZANJIAN, 2017, p. NHS can give better future to patients living with HIV by retaining what is useful and eliminating the existing constraints to achieving quality care (Ong et al. , 2015, p. Better future in providing quality care to patients living with the virus can be attained through the involvement of HIV patients in treatment, education, and care (Meakin & Keeling, 2018, p. HIV epidemic drivers in South Africa: A model-based evaluation of factors accounting for inter-provincial differences in HIV prevalence and incidence trends. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 18(1). Madra, Y. Antinomies of Globalization. Markets, Globalization & Development Review, 2(3). and Nardone, A. Estimated cost per HIV infection diagnosed through routine HIV testing offered in acute general medical admission units and general practice settings in England.