Work is a source of toil and trouble

This thereby led to the idea that work is a source of toil and trouble. Various economists have theorized that in order for the working class to continue being productive; there have to be kept poor. This means that in order for an economy to thrive the workers must be kept honest in their work and they must work hard in order to achieve their needs. The moment these workers get comfortable and reduce their productivity then they become complacent and their productivity becomes compromised. This has led to the exploitation of the working classes for an extended period of time. Marx theorized that the problem was not working and that work should be enjoyed. He believed that the major problem lay with capitalism.

This is where private individuals have the grasp of a country’s economy and run it in such a manner to hugely benefit them. The elites have always had the final say when it comes to the major economic decisions that govern a country’s policies. In order for a country to be considered rich, the country’s labor capital has to be highly productive. This made it easy for the capitalists to revolutionize the economies with the introduction of machines to replace human labor. The intellectual component had already been taken out of the work process and machinery proved easier and cheaper to run as opposed to the expense involved with human capital. Marx’s idea was that mechanization was proving harmful to the workforce because with numerous advancements in technology, sections of the working class became irrelevant.

Marx however believed that the value lay with the workers and not the work done. The capacity to work was the resource the entity would get out of the worker. Washbrook-‘from comparative sociology to global history’ 2. Sample selection. From each book above a topic that was explaining work human interrelation was sampled and used to describe the in-depth of how various societies and its people perceived work. A method of taking the samples was used for more comfort than improbability to compile the data. The major form of gathering information in this article will be by reviewing present literature and comparing the information gathered to the data that is presently in circulation. Job satisfaction was seen to have a positive impact on the productivity of the entity.

The limitations of the study The explanation of most of the economists under our reference were based on the company work or the industrial sector and it was challenging to know exactly what the individual workers took was at personal level. The study may have been also limited by the use of probability as a method of analysis since the text selected for one author may have not been a good representation of all the other authors and also it may not have captured everything as it is in the industry. Care must be taken not to generalize them in the sample results for the entire group of authors. In summary, the use of ordinary statistical techniques may be used to bring in the idea of subjectivity in the discussion and analysis of data.

Due to this, great emphasis had to be put on the wages and it was theorized that in order to maximize on production, the wages were to be kept as low as possible. This also indicated great gains in the bid to keep export prices as low as possible. From this point onwards, various economists came up with their own modified ideas from the mercantilist approach. Daniel Defoe wrote of the innate urge for the English to hate work. His notion was that if people were not poor, they would rather remain idle and the need for increased remuneration would be avoided as a method to create regular working routines that were necessary to build a nation’s economy. The mercantilist idea indicates that when people work hard they are rewarded in stature and pride but in terms of resources and remuneration then they are not well represented (Shaik, 283).

Evolution and history of the concept By the mid-18th century, the economic class had realized that the best method for ensuring high productivity was not to induce poverty on the working class. The persistent inducement of poverty could undermine the motivation of workers and set barriers to the amount of productivity of a nation. Focus was shifted to an incentive approach where the workforce would be motivated and become willing participants in the drive to gain national wealth. The significant change in attitude was attributed to the realization that, contrast to the mercantilist theory, higher wages were translated into higher productivity and labor output. Marx believed that capitalism had the ability to supply increased suffering and also increase the power of the working class (Pradella, 121).

The suffering of the working class is by the design of the economic elite. Any form of dissent from the working class is easily quelled through the use of organization and use of vast capital by the economic elite. The result of which has been the persistent oppression of the working class. The use of capital has been to create a back-up form of labor by the capitalists to ensure continuous production is interrupted and kill any form of rising dissent. Supporters of neoliberalism however attribute the non-existence of true competition in the past as the reason why it would be an unfitting comparison. Supporters of neoliberalism have insisted that with the aid of international entities, the competition is dispersed worldwide and with this will come the realization of the benefits of neoliberalism to all countries in the world.

Classical economics Adam smith and David Riccardo’s contributions through their publications helped formulate the free trade theory. Smith proposed the original idea while Riccardo figured out the core parameters of the concept. During Riccardo’s era, industrial capitalism was at a more advanced place than smith’s period. Use of the marginal rates as in this theory turned the Classical theory on its head (Sen, 3). Neoclassical economics The marginal revolution refers to the shift of idea from the classical economic concept to the neoclassical approach whereby an individual an individual’s ability to fully optimize the potential in place with the available resources. The concept gives more attention to the goods, outputs and income revenue based on the present supply and demand of goods.

The major benefits of these concepts are realized by the entities that have constraints on the financial resources as well as the sole business proprietors that are limited to working with significant resource constraints. In order to optimize the profits realized, the market prices are set using pareto-optimality where no users are made better off without making others worse off. Therefore recent changes in improving the job situation of the working class can be attributed to the realization that a happier employee is a better employee as opposed to the idea that forcing poverty and instilling ‘values’ on the workers would serve the employers better. There have however been emerging trends on the economic platform where capitalism has had a great say on the economic status of many a country.

There has been a rise in the number of conglomerates where the top brass and executives have been ruthless in the chase for profit and do not regard the impact of their actions to the nation as a whole. A visible impact is that of the negative climatic changes that have come about as the result of heavy industrialization of major cities across the world. The capitalist approach has also had a great impact on the economy of various nations. The world of work: Industrial society and human relations. Taylor & Francis, 2017. [4]Hill, Roger B. Historical context of the work ethic. University of Georgia at Athens, 1996. [8]Spencer, David. The political economy of work. Routledge, 2008. [9]Strauss, Anselm L. "Work and the division of labor.