Cardiovascular system essay

The blood also is the medium through which oxygen is transported as well as waste products from the body parts. Below is a picture of the human heart structure. The heart and its functions The heart has five functions which include oxygen delivery to human body muscles through the blood, distribution of key hormones, waste material removal, transportation of de-oxygenated blood, nutrients transportation (Rizki, 1978, pg. 24) Nutrients transportation The heart performs this function by ensuring that nutrients embedded in the blood plasma are pumped to all other body parts via the blood medium. Nutrients ae important to the boy as they enable functioning of the muscles. This components are essential needs in sports as they help in producing adrenaline which increase the rate of the heart pumping of blood and therefore enable more faster transfer of blood nutrients to the body as well as oxygen which are highly needed in the sport activity.

This can be demonstrated in such sports as the athlete’s games like the hundred meters where the athletes are so anxious before he gun fires. The endocrine system will have triggered the production of the needed adrenaline and enough blood pumping to provide oxygen and nutrients to the muscles in preparing for the running ahead. Transportation of de-oxygenated blood The circulatory system is also responsible for transporting blood that has been used by the body organs and has become deficient of oxygen to the lugs for oxygenation process. This is done when blood from all body part enters the heart through the vena cava. The red cells have hemoglobin which is the component responsible for carrying oxygen. The haemoglobin contains a bimolecular iron which enables oxygen tom bind to the cell.

This component of hemoglobin give the red color to the red cells The blood also has white blood cells which are in charge of fighting diseases in human body. With active white blood cells a person’s immunity is high and thus the body is able to fight against foreign bodies that cause diseases. The ability to fight against infections such as cold , flu and leukemia is what is referred to as immunity and therefore the white blood cells are the ones that have the ability to keep human beings and other mammals immune form diseases. The heart has a wall that aligns on it which is made of specialized muscles referred to as cardiac muscles (Taylor & Steven et al 2003, pg.

281) Heart chambers The heart has two sides, the left and the right. The two sides are then subdivided into two chambers, the upper and the lower. These cambers are named as right and left atria’s for the upper parts and right and left ventricles for the lower areas. The atria do receive blood while the ventricles do pump blood outside the heart. Aorta size makes it the largest of the human blood vessels. It is designated carrier of blood from the heart to the other body parts. The pulmonary vein makes the largest vein that caries blood to the heart from the lungs through the left atrium. The superior or inferior vena cava are the veins in which all other veins drain into.

After draining to these vein then they transport the blood to the right atrium (Dehmel, Thomas, et al. Venules then take the deoxygenated blood from the tissues to the veins to transport it back to the heart. The blood movement is in two circuits which are the systemic half and the pulmonary circuit half. The systemic half contains arteries with oxygenated blood transported to the body part. The part of the systemic veins returning blood to the heart has less oxygen as it has been shared by the body tissues and needs to be deoxygenated. The pulmonary half that has deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries unlike in the systemic half. "The connecting pathways between the sinus node and AV node and between the right and the left atrium in the human heart.