Opiate Replacement Treatment Approaches

The History of of Opiods is broken down into; • The first development in 1939. • The development and use Methadone. • The invention of the first opioid antangonist by Weijlard and Erikson in 1942. Psychopharmacology of the Drug The effects of opioids on the sensation, thinking, mood, and behavior varies depending on the individuals. The common side-effects of an antagonist opioid known as Vivitrol include; Patients are likely to experience nausea, but improvements will occur after receiving a Vivitrol injection (Alanis-Hirsch, et al. The symptoms begin just a few hours after the last intake of the medicated opioid. The symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, sleep problems, bone and muscle pain, goosebumps, cold flashes, severe cravings, and uncontrollable leg movements (Alanis-Hirsch, et al. Current Trends and Issue of Opioids.

The administering of opioids commonly does the treatment of pain and related disorders. Opioid addiction causes a tremendous change in the healthcare expenditure among the individuals and also the healthcare budget of the country (Bhatt & Gill, 2016). Scientist carried out a study among rodents to determine the cases of addiction. They maternally separated the rodents early in life and noticed that it increased vulnerability to addiction to opioids in both the dum and the pup. Individuals that have had mental traumatic experiences and PTSD are likely to develop a habit of opiates. A study carried out by scientists on the selective breeding of rodents indicated that they were more prone to opioid self-administration (Bhatt & Gill, 2016). Polymorphisms have been discovered in the gene coding opioid ligands and receptors that are found to associate with opiate addiction (Bhatt & Gill, 2016).

The majority of the substance-related deaths are amongst young lesser educated Americans that are psychologically stressed and facing hard economic times (Pedersena, Sandberg, & Copes, 2017). Studies indicate that the prediction of mental disorders is made with a considerable amount of focus being given to social and economic stress as triggers (Pedersena, Sandberg, & Copes, 2017). Tests that have been carried out on animals suggest that these kinds of pressures are likely to make the brain more prone to addiction and increase the risk of an individual to substance use. According to stress and addiction risk models relying on isolation and exclusion, animals that were in separate living showed more signs of self-administration as compared to animals that were living together (Pedersena, Sandberg, & Copes, 2017). The significance of Opioid Use to the Counselling Profession The illegally abused drugs such as heroin are a commonly known dangerous drug.

They would focus more on the medically prescribed opioids because illicit opiates such as heroin are already established as a known threat. The counselors would provide their services in an attempt to encourage recovery initiatives for the addicts that are too far down in the crisis. The combination of creating awareness as well as the creation of recovery initiatives will serve to reduce the opioid crisis is a significant way (Giacomuzzi, Kemmler, Ertl, & Riemer, 2006). The results of the counselors’ efforts will be witnessed between a few months of implementation of the strategies and years depending on the availability of counselors and the extent of the crisis. Lastly, the willingness of the society to engage in such activities plays a crucial role in the implementation of the counseling strategies.