Causes of Childhood Disorders

There are however different forms of genes affecting IQ capacity of twins, which basically include the IGF2 receptor gene and ASPM gene which are linked with high intelligence. The ASPM affects the cerebral cortex size by expanding it. The larger the cerebral cortex size the greater the processing of information and therefore the higher the IQ. The environmental factors in which identical twins influences the differences and similarities in IQ score of the identical twins. For instance, identical twins reared together indicates an average correlation of 0. If identical twins are treated differently in school by their teachers may develop a different intellectual score. Reference Genetic and environmental factors affecting intelligence - GetMyEssay. com. (2017, August 3). Retrieved from https://getmyessay. The report obtained from epigenetic behavior study can be used to draw relevant intervention as it provides information on the extent of addiction.

Heavy alcoholic individuals are assisted to overcome drug addiction and create new hope to facilitate more effective epigenetic-based treatment. The research findings are useful in development of fairly simple test that is of benefit in sporting and measuring drug addiction at an early stage. Individuals with risk genes are assisted to prevent addiction as well as treating patients with addiction in rehab centers. Reference How Understanding an Individual's Epigenetics Can Help Measure and Treat Addiction | What is Epigenetics? (2017, November 28). Developmental professionals advices parents to ignore child’s bad behavior and reward their positive or good practices. Rewarding children is considered to be more effective than punishing children. Rewarding is not only made for the best child but also for a child indicating efforts for improvement.

This is made to provide encouragement for the child and show him/her that he is not isolated. Rewarding with performance criterial is also made to motivate other children to improve their performance thus creating positive competition. The text introduces the concept of proximal and distal risk factors. What factors in other cultures do you think would influence children’s development? How might children in North America develop differently than in other countries? Why would you expect this? Do you think that you would see different types of disorders in other cultures? Why or why not? Early childhood is a crucial period of development characterized by rapid gain in physical, cognitive, and social-emotional growth aspects of a child. For instance, nutrition is essential in healthy physical development of a child during his/her early age which improves the child’s cognitive and social-emotional development.

The social-emotional development of a child is basically influenced by a positive responsiveness promoted by parent-child relationship which leads to improved physical and cognitive outcomes. Social determinants such as income and wealth, education, occupation, ethnical and racial identification based experiences greatly influences developmental process of a child (In Woolf, In Aron, 2013).  H. , In Aron, L.  Y. , Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries, National Research Council (U. S. The ecological framework places individual child in a complex system of context, shaping and influencing their early childhood development. Identification of anxiety in a child can be determined in different levels of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological systems theory. The microsystem level identifies the relationship between the child and the parent, teachers, and peers.

The behavior changes observed in a child in different individuals indicates the developmental process. one could also consider the existing relationship between the teacher and the child’s parent to define developmental process of a child. doi:10. 1037//0033-295x. What is the difference between brain development being experience-expectant versus experience-dependent? Experience expectant is a young brain with a rapidly developing organization, which mainly depends on ordinary experience opportunities in the exploration of the environmental interactions with other people. Experience expectant enables individuals to hear languages and other sounds. Experience expectant occurs during a sensitive period of life. Reference Experience-Dependent, Experience-Expectant Processes. (n. d.  The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development. doi:10. Phobias are conditions characterized as highly anxious responses to particular objects or situations.

For instance, it may occur that a child may accidentally pull the neighbor’s dog a little hard while playing with it. The dog may start to bark and growling to the child. The dog’s reaction may startle the child causing her to experience some distress. Occurrence of such actions severally may cause the child to associate the dog with her distress making her to avoid the dog. mentalhelp. net/articles/paired-association-and-classical-conditioning/ 8. What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning? Classical conditioning occurs when an individual learns to present an association between two different forms of stimuli without behavior involvement (Henton & Iversen, 2016). The first stimulus encountered is unconditional stimulus which produces a response known as unconditional response with no traces for previous learning.

Kissing may be considered as an example that evokes unconditioned response as it creates a voluntary arousal which causes an elevated heart rate experience. Reference Henton, W.  W. , & Iversen, I.  H. Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. psychological changes may lead to negative impacts in personal life like decrease in self-esteem, fear of judgement, or an inadequate feeling in life or workplace. The changes may cause behavior changes like situation avoidance, seclusion, or even quitting job. The “social” aspect of the theory focuses on the social factors which influences individual’s health such as interpersonal interactions, individual’s culture, or personal economic status. The connection between the three components of BPS model provides an important analysis personal health development. How might schemas perpetuate disorders? Development of negative schemas among children plays a major role in increasing the extent of disease development and limiting the healing process from a disorder.