Digital badges improve the motivation of students in participating in class discussions actively

The following are three types of experimental designs; • Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design- in this category, the participants are assigned randomly to two groups namely; the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group is offered intervention while the control group is not. At the end, post-intervention is also given known as the posttest. The pretest allows the researcher to ensure that both groups are equal. • Posttest-Only Control Group Design- according to this design, it exhibits some differences with the former experimental design. The design further goes on to give a comparison between the pretest effects and the effects observed in both the control group and the experimental group. The limitation of this method is the large sample size required to control the experiment.