Malaria Methods materials and results

It is a mosquito borne blood disease from a plasmodium parasite. The plasmodium parasites that cause malaria have been occurring from the ancient times as they continue to multiply and cause serious medical conditions. We as humans are the main hosts and vector of the mosquito carrying the plasmodium parasite. The disease is transmitted to man by a bite of the Anopheles mosquito causing malaria. Approximately 300,000,000 people are infected by malaria every year and less than one percent of the people unfortunately die of malaria. However, it can become severe malaria if a person does not get treated or if a person has low immunity. The symptoms for uncomplicated malaria last for 5-10 hours and recur after each passing second. The parasites causing the uncomplicated malaria can have a long cycle or result to complicated symptoms.

Severe malaria shows dysfunction of vital organs on a clinical or a laboratory diagnosis. The symptoms are severe such as fever, chills, abnormal bleeding, jaundice, deep breathes or prostration. Areas where there is no or low power setting and unqualified man power especially in African countries. The rapid diagnostic tests are available commercially in a kit where all the necessary materials are kept. It is easy to use as all reagents and procedures are available. The equipments do not require a lot of training as it is easy to use and the results are read in 10 to 15 minutes (Moody, 2002). The rapid diagnostic tests are in two forms; the antigen based and the antibody based. The sera were tested for testing malaria.

The rapid diagnostic tests based on antibodies were carried out to detect the plasmodium parasites present. The percentage present in the thin films was calculated and the plasmodium non acute parasites of less than 9. 5 percentages were stated as being negative. The percentage of malaria parasites was calculated and the average percentage of malaria parasites suppression. Summary of the positive and negative figures. Items Antigen Serum Blood films Negative 72 NIL 82 Positive 128 200 118 Total 200 200 200 Percentage positive 64% 100% 59% The results showed that malaria was able to be diagnosed by the rapid diagnostic tests using the antigen based method. The 72 people that were tested negative were still tested negative using the rapid diagnostic tests using the antigen based method. Discussion. Malaria is diagnosed using four methods. Diagnosing of malaria with symptoms is wrong.

Sometimes it could be the parasites in the person's blood which means the parasites could be caused by other infections. Retinopathy, which is the study of the retina in the eye changing, can be useful in diagnosing malaria. The retina changes its color because of a certain disease. Therefore, the percentage of parasites in the blood is adopted to go along with the results of the clinic. The method requires electric power which is expensive and is not affordable and not advisable to be used in African countries. The method is time consuming (WHO, 2006). Immunochromatographic is another method used to diagnose malaria parasites. It is a rapid method and is less time consuming and no training is required. This method is based on the migration of liquids across a surface of nitrocellulose membrane (Moody, 2002).

They include the HRP-2, the parasite lactate dehydrogenase and the parasite plasmodium aldolase. Plasmodium parasites secret the proteins bringing about sensitive and specificity of the rapid diagnostic tests. Hence the P. falciparum is measured using this method. They secret many HRP-2 and the parasite lactate and the plasmodium aldolase are detected in some species of plasmodium. However, most of the rapid diagnostic tests will not be able to detect the presence of malaria parasites in cases where the infection is intricate (Forney JR, Wongsrichanalai C, Magill AJ, Craig LG, Sirichaisinthop J, Bautista CT, 2003). The rapid diagnostic method is sensitive to HRP-2 because the P. falciparum is very fatal and is mostly found everywhere in the world. The microscopy method is also fatal and is found everywhere in the world.

The patients that were diagnosed and given the antimalarial drugs could have some species of plasmodium in their blood. It jas proved to be an excellent control and safety measure. Ivermectin is also used as an endectocide. As an endectocide in that it is capable of killing the mosquitoes causing malaria. An endectocide is a drug that is capable of preventing resisting and transmitting of malaria. The drug has a proper and effective way of eliminating malaria. From the past, contact of humans with the mosquito causing malaria has been occurring frequently mostly in the peri-urban suburb aread. This has then expanded largely in to other areas that were not affected by malaria. There are hosts were these mosquitoes are able to breed even in the cuties.

African countries are highly affected with malaria where all areas; urban and the rural are able to hist the mosquitoes causing the disease. Conclusion. African countries are yet to discover ways in which malaria can be eliminated but meanwhile they are still struggling to give the best to treat their patients. Works cited. Ahmad M, Hassan V, Ali OM, Reza AM, (2011). Anopheline mosquitoes and their role for malaria transmission in an endemic area, southern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. [ PMC free article ] Jombo GTA, Araoye MA, Damen JG, (2011). Malaria self medications and choices of drugs for its treatment among residents of a malaria endemic community in West Africa. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Peter G, Manuel AL, Shetty A, (2011). Study comparing the clinical profile of complicated cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among adults and children.