Organic Plant Protection Research

The key areas of organic plant protection touch on the four principles namely: the principle of health (Vaarst, 2010) that proposes that agriculture ought to not only enhance but also sustain the health of humans, animals, plants and the soil (Gomeiro et al. 2011), the principle of fairness (Vaarst, 2010) that proposes that agriculture ought to promote fairness in the environment and in life opportunities, the principle of care (Luttikholt, 2007) that asserts that organic agriculture should be managed through precautionary measures that protect the well-being of the current generation as well as that of the future generation, and finally the principle of ecology (Vaarst, 2010) that holds that organic agriculture needs to work with living ecological systems and cycles and help to sustain them. Based on this, the paper aims at highlighting the aspects of organic plant protection such as the management, limitations of organic plant protection and the production issues while trying to explore how best to tackle the reduction of chemicals in food through genetics and breeding.

An Overview Of Organic Diseases And Pests Management Other than the aim of tackling the challenges of pest’s weeds and diseases, organic plant protection has other aims as well. The first is to reduce environmental degradation(Gan et al 2014). Additionally, they cause damage by transmitting diseases which are done by insects known as vectors (Barbercheck, 2011). Further, they damage the plants through active transmission of pathogens whereby insects carry pathogens in their bodies and they transfer them to other plants when they go to feed on healthy plants. As these pests and insects ruin large extents of plants, farmer’s expense huge financial losses and they also destroy the natural habitat of some living organisms leading to an increase in soil erosion and destroying the shelter to native species of plants.

From this, it is evident that organic plant protection is of utmost importance so that the livelihood of farmers is not negatively implicated, so that the environment is protected, and so that huge sums of money cannot be spent on trying to rectify the problems in ways such as building retaining walls, and mulch matting. Most importantly, organic plant protection methods are cheaper and more readily available than alternative chemicals that are used for pest and disease control. These target areas should be prioritized because the alternative plant protection approaches for them are highly underdeveloped. Additionally, there are other specific reasons for their prioritization. For example, the breeding for legumes is important since they play a role of supplying nitrogen (Stagnari, 2017) and due to their increasing use in Europe (Dequiedt et al.

Seed pathogen is necessary since there tends to be an absence in resistance of seed pathogens, and also seeds have low tolerance levels for diseases. Because of these two reasons, the organic farming sector suffers a great deal in the production of sufficient seeds to meet the qualities that are required for seed trading (Doring et al 2012). N. d) showing that the world is acknowledging the benefits that organic farming presents. However, more countries ought to adapt organic farming especially because of food security, adverse weather conditions and the complicated health issues that keep arising. Limitations Of Organic Pests And Diseases Management There are three main limitations of organic pests and diseases management. The first is that sometimes organic pest control products can't control many plant diseases (Nelson, 2006) because of a lck of effective natural herbicides (Dayan et al, 2014).

Also, the most suitable method which is the systems approach is very labor intensive and time-consuming because of the amount of planning that is required. Additionally, there are barriers to self-sufficiency by farmers who find that making their own pest control products requires extra time and effort. On organic crop breeding for organic plant protection, the research has found that breeding should be targeted for legumes, seed pathogens, vegetables and fruits, and perennial plants, but other varieties of crops should be targeted as well so as to curb issues of climate change, crop seasonality, and changing consumer tastes. Finally, the production issues are based on the actions of farmers which may be influenced by competition to use pest and disease management techniques that are not acceptable.

Additionally, the changes in extreme weather and issues of food safety that may also influence the actions of farmers. Bachinger,J. , Zander,P. ROTOR, a tool for generating and evaluating crop rotations for organic farming systems, Eur. J. Agron. Garden insects of North America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Chandler, D. , Bailey, A. , Tatchell, M. , Davidson, G. , Topp,C. , Rees,R. , Zander, P. ,Reckling,M. , Schlaefke, N. Gan, Y. , Liang,C. , Chai, Q. , Lemke, R. , Campbell, C. Development of an organic integrated pest amangement (IPM) module against pests of muskmelon in arid region of Rajasthan India, Journal of experimental Niology and agricultural sciences, 2, 19-24. Heissenhuber, A. , & Ring, H. Economical aspects of organic farming.  Medit, 2, 25-33. Principles of organic agriculture as formulated by the international federation of organic agriculture movements, NJAS-Wageningen journal of life sciences, 54(4), 37-360.

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