The brain and the nervous system report

Document Type:Thesis

Subject Area:Biology

Document 1

The gray space of the brain is made up of nerve cells thus making it slightly thicker than the thumb (Northern Brain Injury Association, 2018). The transportation of signals between nerve cells and other parts of the body and brain is done by the white nerve cells. White nerve cells are located beneath the surface. The surface area of the cerebrum is increased due to its nature of being wrinkled. The surface areas are also increased by the neocortex which is a six-layer structure. The cerebellum has structural similarities with the cerebrum. The cerebellum is responsible for the coordination and the regulation of vasomotor, respiratory, balance and cardiac, posture and movement centers (Northern Brain Injury Association, 2018). The midbrain, pons, and medulla make up the brain stem.

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The brain stem responsibilities are inclusive of coordinating vital life functions such as blood pressure, heartbeat, and breathing. Pons function as a bridge between various components of the nervous system such as the cerebrum and the cerebellum. There are also some functional differences when it comes to PNS and CNS. The analysis and organization of information are carried out by the CNS. The spinal cord is the highway through which nervous system impulses are transmitted to and from the brain (Rizzo, 2015). Motor and sensory information are processed by different areas of the brain thus giving human beings the opportunity to react and observe to their respective environments. The PNS adheres to the commands of the CNS. The impact of chemical stimulation of the brain is determined while utilizing recreational drugs or active medication.

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These chemicals are capable of selectively impacting a variety of mental processes, due to the fact that has a selective outcome on the brain. When studying the brain, another common method that is utilized is the recording of electrical activity coming from the brain. It is possible to read electrical activity through recordings from the scalp. Electrical readings from the scalp are possible after passing silver disk electrodes through it. The parasympathetic division acts to recover and replace all the activities of living. Some functions that it triggers are inclusive of slowing the heart rate down and decreasing the blood pressure (Shier, Butler, & Lewis, 2015). The parasympathetic division of the autonomic system. retrieved from https://www. huffingtonpost. They transmit information between neurons.

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This is inclusive of receiving and passing the message across to other neurons. The motor neurons receive information from other neurons and pass the commands to the respective glands, organs, and muscles. The sensory neurons gather information regarding what is going within and outside a body and brings this information to the CNS for processing. The most numerous class of neurons are inclusive of the interneurons. By proliferation, the glial cells repair the damaged areas of the nervous tissue. When the neighboring synapses release neurotransmitters, the glial cells take them up (Rizzo, 2015). Neurotransmitters The synaptic cleft of the neurons is responsible for the chemical messenger released that are known as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are responsible for maintaining the signal in the nervous system through the action of triggering electrical impulses as well as binding to receptors on postsynaptic neurons.

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Neurotransmitters are also responsible for the activation of responses through the action of effector organs. For instance, in an attempt to discover the areas of the brain that are linked to rewards, Peter Milner and James Olds utilized electrical stimulation of the small brain in rats. The impact of chemical stimulation of the brain is determined while utilizing recreational drugs or active medication. These chemicals are capable of selectively impacting a variety of mental processes, due to the fact that has a selective outcome on the brain. When studying the brain, another common method that is utilized is the recording of electrical activity coming from the brain. It is possible to read electrical activity through recordings from the scalp. The GABA is responsible for inhibiting neuron firing in the CNS.

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