Organizational structures

Both solid organizational structure helps in maintaining efficiency and focus on the companies. When looking at a centralized organization, there is the use of hierarchy with a strict decision making powers are assigned to the top executives (Jui 2019). All the other junior managers and other lower employees are basically limited in the processes of decision making and basically, they cannot amend nor implement new policies without approval from the top executives, this will also comprise of all daily processes and operations. Centralized org 4anization structure would be appropriate when a company wants to control the administrative and office costs by involving and consulting, thus hiring specialists is never an option. Having only a few top-level executives to make decisions avoid all duplication of work hence standardization will reduce costs.

Designing Workflow Coordination: Centralized Versus Market-Based Mechanisms. Information Systems Research, 10(4), 328-342. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/23011067 Shakun, M. Having the necessary positions and having the right people to fill up them makes some sound success procedures. However, a structure will not work well where a company has some weaknesses and some drawbacks within the management team. An organization structure should evolve and thus grows together with the company. Efficient task completion should also be considered when looking into an organizational structure that will drive a company's success and achievements; the existence of well-designed structures ensures the effective completion of goals and projects. Departmental managers find it easy to identify the human capital around them available to undertake the research and implementation responsibilities on projects, for instance, the policies should be clear on what is required.

In Internet Architecture and Innovation (pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/j. Master budget captures the entire planning compared to other types of budgeting such as operating budget and financial which only focus on a small section within the organization depending on the size and cost of the operations. Small businesses can also apply master budgets to come up with important goals. Production costs, overhead costs, incomes, and expenses are two important and major components of the master budget, annual, average and monthly projection totals are also part of the master budget components. The income is one of the major components in the master budget, it incurs from all sales made, dividends, interests, and royalties.

When a business is running with other incomes that are not related to the product itself it may not be included in the master budget unless there is an entry for a bad debt. References Lin, W. Multiple Objective Budgeting Models: A Simulation. The Accounting Review, 53(1), 61-76. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. e. coming up with standardized processes during the development stage to merge service life needs of a particular goal or material. Another way of reducing life cycle costs during the development stage is by adopting ways of protection towards goals or any material, such methods as avoiding premature decision making, poor implementation of policies and poor communication within different levels of executives. In the development stage, reducing user costs will also lead to a successful reduction in life cycle costs.