What is obstructive sleep apnea

Apneas can be classified as central, obstructive, or mixed based on whether the ability to breathe is present during the event. Although not often recognized, OSA results from the collapsing of the pharyngeal during sleep. Symptoms of the disorder include frequent waking, disrupted sleep and consequent excessive daytime sleepiness (Kendezerska et al. Sleep apnea can be identified by daytime fatigue and upper airway collapse during sleep. OSA has different causes such as decreased oxygen in the blood and can briefly waken sleepers throughout the night. High levels of Cortisol lead to cognitive impairment in adults. Garg et al. (2017) notes that, high levels of Cortisol during sleep result from hypoxia and lead to an increased adverse feedback effect on the HPA axis.

Adults are at a higher risk of OSA than children due to the impaired respiratory control with the aging. Typically, the blood levels of cortisol are very high in the morning when we wake up and then drop throughout the day. This study is significant in understanding sleep apnea, the circadian cycle of sleep and the brain and its function. Literature review Sleep is controlled by the brain. It is therefore crucial to human health, and thus, inadequate or no sleep is detrimental to proper functioning of the human body. According to Apnea and Hemodynamic (2013), adults need seven to nine hours of sleep. Further, Noguchi et, al (2010) argue that “daily and seasonal rhythms in the endocrine system are coordinated by a hypothalamic pacemaker, the Supra Chiasmic Nuclei (SCN) that is synchronized to solar time by direct retinal afferents.

Further, obesity is linked with anatomic alterations that predispose to upper way obstruction during sleep by increasing adiposity around the pharynx and body. Obesity is associated with reduced volume of the lungs leading to loss of caudal traction on the upper airway and hence an increase in pharyngeal collapsibility. Cerasa et al. (2014) argues that family history and genetic predisposition plays a critical role in the increased prevalence of OSA in adults. Family members with OSA are at a higher risk relative to those without OSA. Young, Skatrud, and Peppard (2004) also reported a significant reduction in serum prolactin caused by CPAP treatment. Obstructive sleep apnea and stress reactor Rest has significant modulatory impacts on hypothalamus –pituitary- adrenal (HPA) hub action. Rest beginning applies an inhibitory effect on cortisol emission, while renewals and rest balance are joined by concentrated cortisol creation.

Unexpected movements of the rest time frame incite a significant disturbance in the regular cortisol cadence, while lack of sleep or less4ened rest quality appears to bring a humble yet practically critical enactment of the pivot. Human rest propensities are profoundly changed by present-day way of life (Rachula et al, 2016). Participants must live in Trinidad, must be married, employed and must be sure if they do or not suffer from sleep apnea. The participants must not be on any medication. Additionally, the participant’s medical history must be reviewed and a physical exam conducted along with a psychiatric evaluation. All the participants will be screened for OSA. In this study, physiological will be operationalized as mental health, cognitive and physical wellbeing.

The controls used in this experiment are oral administration and intraperitoneal implantation used to administer cortisol and the PSG machine. After recruiting the participants, they will undergo several different tests. • Blood samples to test the level of Cortisol in the blood • Nocturnal polysomnography Ethical considerations Ethical consideration of the study will include obtaining approval from the American Educational Research Association (AERA). Also, safeguarding the participant’s privacy and dignity will be a priority of this study. The names and responses of the respondents will be kept anonymous. LONG-TERM COGNITIVE OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE CORTISOL LEVELS AFTER MODERATE/SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. In JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA (Vol. 33, No. 13, pp. A105-A105). Y. , Lau, M. K. & Brucker, A. J. , Nigro, S. , Chiriaco, C.